Interactions between a host organism and its associated microbiota, including symbiotic bacteria, play a crucial role in host adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Antarctica provides a unique environment for the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships. One of the most extensively studied symbiotic bacteria in invertebrates is Wolbachia pipientis, which is associated with a wide variety of invertebrates. Wolbachia is known for manipulating host reproduction and having obligate or facultative mutualistic relationships with various hosts. However, there is a lack of clear understanding of the prevalence of Wolbachia in terrestrial invertebrates in Antarctica. We present the outcomes of a literature search for information on the occurrence of Wolbachia in each of the major taxonomic groups of terrestrial invertebrates (Acari, Collembola, Diptera, Rotifera, Nematoda, Tardigrada). We also performed profiling of prokaryotes based on three marker genes and Kraken2 in available whole genome sequence data obtained from Antarctic invertebrate samples. We found no reports or molecular evidence of Wolbachia in these invertebrate groups in Antarctica. We discuss possible reasons underlying this apparent absence and suggest opportunities for more targeted future research to confirm bacteria's presence or absence.

1 I Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine

Biodiversity of Antarctic and Sub Antarctic Ecosystems Santiago Chile

British Antarctic Survey NERC High Cross Cambridge UK

CBGP Univ Montpellier CIRAD INRAE IRD Institut Agro Montpellier Montpellier France

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Suchdol Czech Republic

Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Poznań Poland

Department of Zoology University of Johannesburg Auckland Park South Africa

European Molecular Biology Laboratory Structural and Computational Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany

Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kharkiv Ukraine

Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS ČR Laboratory of Nonmendelian Evolution Libechov Czech Republic

National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine

Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research 't Horntje Den Hoorn Netherlands

State Institution Institute for Evolutionary Ecology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine

State Museum of Natural History National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv Ukraine

UMR CNRS 7261 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte Université de Tours Parc Grandmont Tours France

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