This guideline was developed in close collaboration with multidisciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma were developed on the basis of systematic literature research and consensus conferences. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most dangerous form of skin tumor and accounts for 90 % of skin cancer mortality. The diagnosis of melanoma can be made clinically and must always be confirmed by dermoscopy. If melanoma is suspected, a histopathological examination is always required. Sequential digital dermoscopy and whole-body photography can be used in high-risk patients to improve the detection of early-stage melanoma. If available, confocal reflectance microscopy can also improve the clinical diagnosis in special cases. Melanoma is classified according to the 8th version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer classification. For thin melanomas up to a tumor thickness of 0.8 mm, no further diagnostic imaging is required. From stage IB, lymph node sonography is recommended, but no further imaging examinations. From stage IIB/C, whole-body examinations with computed tomography or positron emission tomography CT in combination with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain are recommended. From stage IIB/C and higher, a mutation test is recommended, especially for the BRAF V600 mutation. It is important to perform a structured follow-up to detect relapses and secondary primary melanomas as early as possible. A stage-based follow-up regimen is proposed, which in the experience of the guideline group covers the optimal requirements, although further studies may be considered. This guideline is valid until the end of 2026.

1st Department of Dermatology Aristotle University Thessaloniki Greece

1st Department of Dermatology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine Andreas Sygros Hospital Athens Greece

Center for Dermatooncology Department of Dermatology Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen Germany

Department of Dermatology and Venereology Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

Department of Dermatology Erasme Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

Department of Dermatology Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium

Department of Dermatology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands

Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Austria

Department of Dermatology University Hospital Schleswig Holstein Campus Kiel Kiel Germany

Department of Dermatology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena and Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale IRCCS di Reggio Emilia Skin Cancer Centre Reggio Emilia Italy

Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology Frankfurt University Hospital Frankfurt Germany

Department of Dermatovenereology 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Oncology Odense University Hospital Denmark

Dermatology Clinic Maggiore Hospital University of Trieste Trieste Italy

Dermatology Department Elias University Hospital Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania

Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy

Institute of Dermatology Università Cattolica Rome and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy

Medical and Surgical Dermatology Service Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena Sevilla Spain

Melanoma Institute Australia The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia

Melanoma Unit Department of Dermatology Hospital Clinic IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain; University of Barcelona Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi 1 Sunyer Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos 3 Barcelona Spain

Mount Vernon Cancer Centre Northwood United Kingdom

Nantes Université INSERM CNRS Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy INCIT UMR 1302 EMR6001 F 44000 Nantes France

San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy

Skin Cancer Center Department of Dermatology Ruhr University Bochum 44791 Bochum Germany

The University of Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK

Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit School of Basic and Medical Biosciences King's College London London SE1 7EH UK

Université Paris Cite AP HP department of Dermatology INSERM U 976 Hôpital Saint Louis Paris France

University Department of Dermatology Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines APHP Boulogne France

University Medical Center Utrecht and Princess Maxima Center Utrecht the Netherlands; Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich of the Technical University Munich and the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Germany

University of Perugia Unit of Medical Oncology Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital Perugia Italy

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