Understanding how land use affects temporal stability is crucial to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Yet, the mechanistic links between land-use intensity and stability-driving mechanisms remain unclear, with functional traits likely playing a key role. Using 13 years of data from 300 sites in Germany, we tested whether and how trait-based community features mediate the effect of land-use intensity on acknowledged stability drivers (compensatory dynamics, portfolio effect, and dominant species variability), within and across plant and arthropod communities. Trait-based plant features, especially the prevalence of acquisitive strategies along the leaf-economics spectrum, were the main land-use intensity mediators within and across taxonomic and trophic levels, consistently influencing dominant species variability. Functional diversity also mediated land-use intensity effects but played a lesser role. Our analysis discloses trait-based community features as key mediators of land-use effects on stability drivers, emphasizing the need to consider multi-trophic functional interactions to better understand complex ecosystem dynamics.

Agroecology and Environment Agroscope Zurich Switzerland

Applied Biodiversity Science Chair of Conservation Biology and Forest Ecology Biocenter University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany

Centre for International Development and Environmental Research Justus Liebig University Giessen Senckenbergstrasse 3 Giessen Germany

Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación Valencia Spain

Conservation Biology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland

Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Třeboň Czech Republic

Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Botany Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

Ecological Networks Technical University Darmstadt Schnittspahnstraße 3 Darmstadt Germany

Faculty of Environmental Sciences Department of Spatial Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamýcka 129 Praha Suchdol Czech Republic

Forage Production and Grassland Systems Agroscope Reckenholzstrasse 191 Zürich Switzerland

Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland

Forest Zoology TUD Dresden University of Technology Pienner Str 7 Tharandt Germany

Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich Buff Ring 26 Giessen Germany

Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany

Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland

Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Ruhr University Bochum Institute of Geography Bochum Germany

Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Life Science Systems School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany

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