Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is physiologically linked to bone and energy metabolism, endocrine regulation, hematopoiesis and cancer-related processes. A key challenge in the field is that methods for isolating BMAT or bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) are variable because there are no widely adopted standardized protocols. To generate awareness of this challenge and to establish uniformity in experimental approaches requiring isolation, storage and characterization of BMAT and BMAds, the Biobanking Working Group of the international Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) has previously recommended experimental standards. This paper provides an update on this effort and presents current state-of-the-art methods and technical considerations for isolation and characterization of BMAT and BMAds, including currently available high-throughput omics approaches. This review provides a reference point based on the consensus view of BMAS investigators to support studies on biomedical, biological, biochemical and biophysical questions associated with bone marrow adiposity.

Clinical Hematology Department Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany

Department of Biochemistry Lerner College of Medicine 89 Beaumont Avenue University of Vermont Burlington VT USA

Department of Medical Science and Innovation SiRIUS Institute of Medical Research Tohoku University 1 1 Seiryo machi Aoba ku Sendai City Miyagi 980 8574 Japan

Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University Rome Italy

Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Iowa Iowa City IA United States

Department of Pharmacology Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute Detroit MI United States

Group for Hematology and Stem Cells Institute for Medical Research National Institute of Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade 11000 Belgrade Serbia

Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Université de Toulouse CNRS UMR 5089 205 Route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse France

Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland

Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism and Erasmus MC Bone Centre Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus MC Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands

Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czechia

Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab MABLab ULR4490 Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale F 62200 Boulogne sur Mer Univ Lille F 59000 Lille CHU Lille F 59000 Lille France

Rheumatology Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine University Hospital Lausanne and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

University BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh The Queen's Medical Research Institute Edinburgh BioQuarter 47 Little France Crescent Edinburgh UK

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