This article gives an overview of the sport transformation process on the territory of the present-day Czech Republic up to its today's shape with regard to athletes' position. Their position has been changed during different political and economic periods through which Czech or former Czechoslovak sport has gone. The general frame of top level sport development is described accentuating the transformation from amateurism to professionalism, and the historical period shortly before, and after political changes in 1989. Football has been chosen as an example of professionalization in sport with some of its positive and negative phenomena.
- Klíčová slova
- vrcholový sport, organizace sportu, profesionalismus, socialistický a kapitalistický sport,
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fotbal dějiny ekonomika klasifikace MeSH
- hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
- kapitalismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- organizace dějiny organizace a řízení MeSH
- socialismus dějiny ekonomika MeSH
- sporty dějiny MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vládní organizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
President of the Czech and Czechoslovak Sokol Organisation Josef Scheiner and its Commander Jindřich Vaníček were direct followers of the organization's founders Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fűgner. They led Sokol at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and played a key part in Sokol's gaining a dominant position in the Czech social life. In 1889, they introduced Sokol athletes to the international gymnastics scene, securing a sound sports reputation for the Czech nation. At the same time, they considerably contributed to the development of modern physical education in most Slav countries and in 1908 initiated the foundation of the Slav Sokol Union, again taking the roles of president and commander, respectively.
- Klíčová slova
- dějiny Sokola, představitelé Sokola, sokolské hnutí ve slovenských a dalších zemích,
- MeSH
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- organizace dějiny organizace a řízení MeSH
- sporty dějiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- historické zeměpisné názvy MeSH
This study is focused on reliability of assessing fundamental aquatic skills in preschool children. They are still not able to swim at least 10 meters independently, and therefore, they must be tested by several fundamental aquatic motor tasks. The degree of task accomplishment is evaluated by a group of experienced independent raters. It is insufficient to present only inter-rater reliability as information about reliability of test scores because different aquatic tasks are also one of the sources of measurement error. In the present paper, the generalizability theory (GT) is introduced as an appropriate tool for solving such a situation. It extended the classical reliability theory by recognizing and estimating measurement error arisen from more than one source. The whole measurement procedure was repeated after two weeks. The raters displayed very consistent ratings. The generalizability coefficient (which is equivalent to the reliability coefficient in classical test theory) equals .96 and .91 for relative and absolute interpretation of test scores, respectively. In this case, the occasion facet was considered as fixed.
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokomoce fyziologie MeSH
- motorické dovednosti fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- plavání fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- pohybová aktivita fyziologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- sportovní výkon fyziologie klasifikace výchova MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- tělovýchovné lékařství metody MeSH
- výzkumné techniky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH