Seed characteristics play an important role in the colonization and subsequent persistence of species during succession in disturbed sites and thus may contribute to being able to predict restoration success. In the present study, we investigated how various seed characteristics participated in 11 spontaneous successional series running in different mining sites (spoil heaps, extracted sand and sand-gravel pits, extracted peatlands, and stone quarries) in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. Using 1864 samples from 1- to 100-years-old successional stages, we tested whether species optimum along the succession gradient could be predicted using 10 basic species traits connected with diaspores and dispersal. Seed longevity, diaspore mass, endozoochory, and autochory appeared to be the best predictors. The results indicate that seed characteristics can predict to a certain degree spontaneous vegetation succession, i.e., passive restoration, in the mining sites. A screening of species available in the given landscape (regional and local species pools) may help to identify those species which would potentially colonize the disturbed sites. Extensive databases of species traits, nowadays available for the Central European flora, enable such screening.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- distribuce rostlin * MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- hornictví * MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí * MeSH
- semena rostlinná růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Results of a survey and study of the Claviceps purpurea group of species in South Africa are being presented and five new species are described. Morphological descriptions are based on the anamorphs and four nuclear genetic loci. Claviceps fimbristylidis sp. nov. on Fimbristylis complanata was discovered wide-spread across five provinces of the country associated with water and represents the fourth Claviceps species recorded from the Cyperaceae. Claviceps monticola sp. nov. is described from Brachypodium flexum growing in mountain forests in Mpumalanga Province, as well as the northern Drakensberg southwards into the Eastern Cape Province. Claviceps pazoutovae sp. nov. is recorded from Stipa dregeana var. dregeana and Ehrharta erecta var. erecta, also associated with these mountain ranges. Claviceps macroura sp. nov. is recorded from Cenchrus macrourus from the Eastern Cape and Claviceps capensis sp. nov. from Ehrharta villosa var. villosa is recorded from the Western Cape Province. Claviceps cyperi, only recorded from South Africa is included in the study. Ergot alkaloid profiles of all species are provided and showed similarity to C. purpurea. Only C. cyperi and in lesser degree C. capensis, C. macroura, and C. pazoutovae produced ergot alkaloids in clinically significant amounts. Several reported species infect invasive grass species, native to South Africa, and thus represent potentially invasive species.
- MeSH
- Claviceps chemie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fungální chemie genetika MeSH
- elongační faktor 1 genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- MCM komplex, komponenta 7 genetika MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí * MeSH
- námelové alkaloidy analýza MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- tubulin genetika MeSH
- voda MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jihoafrická republika MeSH
Three slow growing, melanized and morphologically poorly differentiated fungal strains were isolated from a hyperaemic focus near the enlarged spleen of a farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and from a rock collected at 3,200 m a. s. l. (Alps, Italy). Two phylogenetic analyses of the combined nuc18S and nuc28S rDNA and ITS rDNA and β-tubulin sequences showed that these isolates belong to the Trichomeriaceae, a family of the ascomycete order Chaetothyriales containing black yeasts that cause infections in humans and animals. The strains form a well-supported monophyletic clade. The new genus Bradymyces, with two new species, Bradymyces oncorhynchi and Bradymyces alpinus, is proposed based on phylogenetic, ecophysiological and morphological data. It is characterized by the presence of moniliform hyphae, blastic proliferation, endoconidia, multicellular and muriform bodies, and bodies with dark fragmented incrustations on the surface. Bradymyces most closely resembles members of Knufia. The ex-type isolate of B. oncorhynchi CCF 4369(T) ( = CBS 133066(T) = CCFEE 6134(T)) represents the first case of a Trichomeriaceae member isolated from cold-blooded water vertebrates. B. alpinus [ex-type strain CCFEE 5493(T) ( = CBS 138368(T) = CCF 4803(T))] is represented by two isolates from a single locality in the Alps and in contrast to B. oncorhynchi shows overall slower growth parameters and does not grow at 25 °C.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota klasifikace cytologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fungální chemie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- intergenová DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- Oncorhynchus mykiss mikrobiologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- tubulin genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Two new and phylogenetically closely related species in Aspergillus section Fumigati are described and illustrated. Homothallic Aspergillus waksmanii sp. nov. was isolated from New Jersey soil (USA) and is represented by the ex-type isolate NRRL 179(T) ( = CCF 4266(T) = Thom 4138.HS2(T) = IBT 31900(T)). Aspergillus marvanovae sp. nov. was isolated from water with high boracic acid anions content in Dukovany nuclear power station (Czech Republic). The sexual stage of this species is unknown, but the MAT1-1 locus was successfully amplified suggesting that the species is probably heterothallic and teleomorphic but is represented by only the ex-type isolate CCM 8003(T) ( = CCF 4037(T) = NRRL 62486(T) = IBT 31279(T) = IFM 60873(T)). Both species can be distinguished from all previously described species in section Fumigati based on morphology, maximum growth temperature, sequence data from five unlinked loci and unique secondary metabolites profiles.
- MeSH
- Aspergillus klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fungální genetika MeSH
- fungální geny pro párovací typ MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- New Jersey MeSH
