There are relatively few running studies that have attempted to prospectively identify biomechanical risk factors associated with Achilles tendon (AT) injuries. Therefore, the aim was to prospectively determine potential running biomechanical risk factors associated with the development of AT injuries in recreational, healthy runners. At study entry, 108 participants completed a set of questionnaires. They underwent an analysis of their running biomechanics at self-selected running speed. The incidence of AT running-related injuries (RRI) was assessed after 1-year using a weekly questionnaire standardized for RRI. Potential biomechanical risk factors for the development of AT RRI injury were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Of the 103 participants, 25% of the sample (15 males and 11 females) reported an AT RRI on the right lower limb during the 1-year evaluation period. A more flexed knee at initial contact (odds ratio = 1.146, P = .034) and at the midstance phase (odds ratio = 1.143, P = .037) were significant predictors for developing AT RRI. The results suggested that a 1-degree increase in knee flexion at initial contact and midstance was associated with a 15% increase in the risk of an AT RRI, thus causing a limitation of training or a stoppage of running in runners.

• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha * MeSH
• běh * zranění   MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dolní končetina MeSH
• koleno MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění kotníku * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The lateral tilt of the arms accompanied by trunk lateral tilt is a typical blocking manoeuvre in volleyball. However, during this unanticipated blocking movement, an associated risk of ACL injury may result. The aim of the present study was to compare associative ACL risk factors at the initial contact and the first and second peak of VGRF during an unanticipated blocking movement with different arm positions. Synchronized kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial of each condition. Student paired t-tests and effect size were used to determine differences between two conditions (S - with arms straight up from the body) and (T - with the arms and trunk laterally tilted). The results showed that the T condition significantly decreases knee flexion, increases VGRF at the foot contact, first peak force and increases the valgus moment at the first peak force. The values of the associated risk factors for a non-contact ACL injury appear to be related to the tilted arm position accompanied by trunk tilt towards to right lower limb during landing. The players should be taught to land with greater knee flexion and, if possible, a double-leg landing to decrease right lower limb loading during the blocking manoeuvre.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• koleno fyziologie   MeSH
• kondiční příprava fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mentoring MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• motorické dovednosti fyziologie   MeSH
• paže fyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• poranění předního zkříženého vazu patofyziologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studie pohybu a času MeSH
• trup fyziologie   MeSH
• volejbal fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The number and type of landings performed after blocking during volleyball matches has been related to the potential risk of ACL injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether gender affects the frequency of specific blocking landing techniques with potential risk of ACL injury from the perspective of foot contact and subsequent movement after the block used by volleyball players during competitive matches. Three matches involving four female volleyball teams (fourteen sets) and three matches involving four male volleyball teams (thirteen sets) in the Czech Republic were analyzed for this study. A Pearson chi-square test of independence was used to detect the relationship between gender and different blocking techniques. The results of the present study showed that gender affected single-leg landings with subsequent movement in lateral direction and double-leg landings. Although the total number of landings was lower for male athletes than for female athletes, a larger portion of male athletes demonstrated single leg landings with a subsequent movement than female athletes. Single leg landings with a subsequent movement have a higher potential risk of ACL injury.

• MeSH
• bérec fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• kompetitivní chování fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti fyziologie   MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• poranění předního zkříženého vazu patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• studie pohybu a času MeSH
• videozáznam MeSH
• volejbal zranění   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this study was to examine the biomechanical injury risk factors at the wrist, including joint kinetics, kinematics and stiffness in the first and second contact limb for parallel and T-shape round-off (RO) techniques. Seven international-level female gymnasts performed 10 trials of the RO to back handspring with parallel and T-shape hand positions. Synchronised kinematic (3D motion analysis system; 247 Hz) and kinetic (two force plates; 1235 Hz) data were collected for each trial. A two-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed differences in the kinematic and kinetic parameters between the techniques for each contact limb. The main findings highlighted that in both the RO techniques, the second contact limb wrist joint is exposed to higher mechanical loads than the first contact limb demonstrated by increased axial compression force and loading rate. In the parallel technique, the second contact limb wrist joint is exposed to higher axial compression load. Differences between wrist joint kinetics highlight that the T-shape technique may potentially lead to reducing these bio-physical loads and consequently protect the second contact limb wrist joint from overload and biological failure. Highlighting the biomechanical risk factors facilitates the process of technique selection making more objective and safe.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• gymnastika zranění   fyziologie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• poranění zápěstí etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• postura těla MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• ruka MeSH
• zápěstní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• zatížení muskuloskeletálního systému MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH