Extracellular vesicles are thought to facilitate pathogen transmission from arthropods to humans and other animals. Here, we reveal that pathogen spreading from arthropods to the mammalian host is multifaceted. Extracellular vesicles from Ixodes scapularis enable tick feeding and promote infection of the mildly virulent rickettsial agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum through the SNARE proteins Vamp33 and Synaptobrevin 2 and dendritic epidermal T cells. However, extracellular vesicles from the tick Dermacentor andersoni mitigate microbial spreading caused by the lethal pathogen Francisella tularensis. Collectively, we establish that tick extracellular vesicles foster distinct outcomes of bacterial infection and assist in vector feeding by acting on skin immunity. Thus, the biology of arthropods should be taken into consideration when developing strategies to control vector-borne diseases.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum patogenita MeSH
- bakteriální infekce imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- členovci metabolismus mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- Dermacentor metabolismus mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- extracelulární vezikuly metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- Francisella tularensis patogenita MeSH
- genová ontologie MeSH
- intravitální mikroskopie MeSH
- klíšťata metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- klíště metabolismus mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- kůže imunologie mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránový protein 2 asociovaný s vezikuly metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proteiny R-SNARE metabolismus MeSH
- proteomika MeSH
- T-lymfocyty metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- zánět imunologie metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
