OBJECTIVES: An occupational disease (OD) is a disorder or health condition which arises due to work related activities and tasks or is caused by work environment. The impact of ODs on medical and social system may be considered as a very important in relation to mortality, morbidity, and invalidity. The most common ODs in the European Union are musculoskeletal disorders (58% of all ODs in 2015). The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the incidence of occupational diseases between the Slovak Republic (SK) and the Czech Republic (CZ). METHODS: Data were obtained from the Health Statistics Yearbooks of the National Health Information Centre of the Slovak Republic and in CZ from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. We worked with records from 2009 to 2019. The average incidence rates (aIR) per 100,000 labourers were calculated based on the number of workers in a given year. All data were calculated separately for SK and CZ, and for males and females. P < 0.05 was considered a significant value. RESULTS: In SK, the number of ODs diagnosed from 2009 to 2019 amounted to 2,351 cases in males and 1,605 cases in females. In CZ, the amount of ODs diagnosed from 2009 to 2019 reached 6,616 cases in males and 5,513 cases in females. In SK, from 2009 to 2019, the incidence of ODs decreased significantly from 7.3 to 4.8 cases per 100,000 labourers (rs = -0.76; p = 0.006). Diseases from one-sided excessive load were the most common ODs in SK (aIR = 7.6 ± 2.2) and in CZ (aIR = 8.2 ± 3.5), followed by ODs caused by vibration. Occupational diseases due to noise, vibrations and SiO2 inhalation were considerably more common among males. Diseases due to long-term excessive one-sided load, skin and infectious diseases were more prevalent in females. Occupational hearing damage due to noise was more frequent in SK and silicosis, asthma bronchiale, respiratory allergies, dermatoses, and infectious diseases were remarkably more frequent in CZ. CONCLUSION: Regarding the main goal, we found a significantly higher aIR of ODs caused by noise in SK than in CZ. In CZ, there was a markedly higher presence of ODs caused by SiO2 inhalation, asthma and respiratory allergy, ODs of skin and infectious and parasitic ODs when compared to SK. In both countries different principles for discontinuance in work are applied when a risk factor occurs. It is necessary to enhance surveillance data and reporting of ODs and increase investments in occupational safety, health education and research for the future.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Eating habits, regular fluid intake, lifestyle and body composition are a primary point of research. The research focused on urolithiasis approaching potential danger, trying to interpret risk factors responsible for urolithiasis and disease recurrence. METHODS: Research file contains 166 patients suffering from urolithiasis, 87 (52.4%) males and 79 (47.6%) females, and 172 healthy subjects from control group. All data was accessed using fully anonymous and confidential questionnaires, then evaluated in the statistical GNU PSPP 1.4 software. RESULTS: More than 3/4 patients have a BMI higher than 24.9 and almost 40% of subjects have obesity class I, II, or III. Patients have higher BMI than subjects (d = 1.285; p < 0.001), and females have significantly higher BMI than males (d = 0.385; p = 0.007). Female patients have higher BMI than Slovak healthy females (p < 0.001; MD = 4.581; CI: 3.24-5.93). Patients have a lower daily water intake than subjects (φc = 0.157; p = 0.04) and more than 2/3 of patients have insufficient water intake. Sedentary employment prevails markedly in patients than in subjects. Patients are much less physically active than subjects (φc = 0.633; p < 0.001) and the difference is rising with increasing age of patients (ρ = - 0.232; p = 0.003). Low physical and working activity are characteristic for patients in this study. Patients smoke more often in comparison to subjects (φc = 0.261; p < 0.001). Patients consume more meats (red and white), cocoa and lentils. A lot of patients exceed recommended daily intake of pork and beef. CONCLUSIONS: Many conditions are different for the healthy population and patients' group. High BMI, low fluid intake, exceeded red meat consumption, and low physical activity are the strongest factors for developing urolithiasis. Patients should consume more fluids daily, exercise frequently and vigorously, and lower amount of red meat consumed.

• MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• skot MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• urolitiáza * komplikace   etiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Urolitiáza je multifaktoriálnym ochorením zložitého charakteru s vysokou tendenciou k rekurencii. Primárna (profylaxia) a se- kundárna (metafylaxia) prevencia sú dôležitými ochrannými prostriedkami pred vznikom ochorenia, resp. jeho recidívy. Pri uroliti- áze má veľký podiel zloženie a množstvo denne prijatej stravy a vody i zdravý životný štýl jedinca. Profylaxia zahŕňa identifikáciu a reguláciu rizikových faktorov ešte pred prvým prejavom. Metafylaxia sa snaží zabrániť opätovnému vzniku konkrementu (reci- dívy) potlačením rizikových faktorov, ktoré majú rozhodujúcu úlohu v tomto patologickom procese. Celý proces zahŕňa správne nastavenie jedálneho lístka a zlepšenie stravovacích návykov s obmedzením rizikových zložiek potravy a na opačnej strane so zvý- šenou konzumáciou potravín s benefitným účinkom. Neoddeliteľnou súčasťou je poučenie o dostatočnom dennom príjme vody a iných tekutín vo vzájomnej korelácii s fyzickou aktivitou.

Urolithiasis is a multifactorial disease with a problematic character and with a high tendency to recurrence. Primary (prophylaxis) and secondary (metaphylaxis) prevention are important against the disease outbreak or its recurrence. Composition and amount of food and water taken daily, together with a healthy lifestyle play an important role in urolithiasis prevention. Identification and control of risk factors before the first manifestation are tasks of prophylaxis. Metaphylaxis seeks to prevent the recurrence of kid- ney stones formation by suppressing risk factors that play a crucial role in pathological processes. Improvement of eating habits with the reduction of hazardous food components and raising consumption of beneficial foods is a part of prevention mecha- nism. Educating patients about sufficient daily intake of water and other fluids in correlation with physical activity is an integral part of urolithiasis prevention.