An analysis is presented of the ability of balanced mechanical ventilation systems to reduce the radon concentration in residential buildings efficiently. The analysis takes into account the following parameters: radon supply rate into the building, ventilation intensity, required indoor radon concentration and energy consumption. It is shown that the applicability of ventilation systems is limited mainly by energy consumption. Ventilation systems can be considered energetically acceptable if the ventilation intensity does not exceed 0.6 h-1, i.e. radon supply rate should not exceed 60 Bq/m3h for a required indoor radon concentration of 100 Bq/m3. Energy consumption can be significantly reduced by operating the ventilation system in a cyclic mode. Simulating the behavior of ventilation systems in time has been found as a useful tool for their design. In order to express by one parameter energy consumption and radon reduction, a completely new quantity-the 'radon-related energy need' has been proposed.
This paper presents radon diffusion coefficient values and radon resistance values determined for 650 widely-used waterproofing materials divided into 29 groups according to their chemical composition. The reliability of two different approaches for determining the radon resistance is discussed, and differences between the two approaches are identified. A comparison between the radon resistances of waterproofing materials and the requirements prescribed by various building standards indicates that some requirements are unnecessarily strict. It is shown that the most effective approach for setting the requirements is to prescribe several minimum radon resistance values in dependence on the parameters of the building and the subsoil.
Paper presents the principles for unified test methods for determining the radon diffusion coefficient in waterproof materials in order to increase the accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of the results. We consider this very important, because an assessment of the radon diffusion coefficient is required by several national technical standards when waterproofing acts as a radon-proof membrane. The requirements for key parameters for one test method performed under non-stationary conditions and for two methods performed under stationary conditions are described in this paper.
- MeSH
- konstrukční materiály analýza MeSH
- radon analýza normy MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Ways of using different decision-aiding techniques for optimizing and evaluating radon remedial measures have been studied on a large set of data obtained from the remediation of 32 houses that had an original indoor radon level above 1000 Bq/m(3). Detailed information about radon concentrations before and after remediation, type of remedial measures and installation and operation costs were used as the input parameters for a comparison of costs and for determining the efficiencies, for a cost-benefit analysis and a cost-effectiveness analysis, in order to find out whether these criteria and techniques provide sufficient and relevant information for improving and optimizing remediation. Our study confirmed that the installation costs of remediation do not depend on the original indoor radon level, but on the technical state of the building. In addition, the study reveals that the efficiency of remediation does not depend on the installation costs. Cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis lead to the conclusion that remedial measures reducing the indoor radon concentration from values above 1000 Bq/m(3) are always acceptable and reasonable. On the other hand, these techniques can neither help the designer to choose the proper remedial measure nor provide information resulting in improved remediation.
Reasons of low effectiveness of radon remedial measures have been studied on several unsuccessfully remediated houses. Based on the thorough analysis, factors responsible for failures are clarified. The possibilities of how to improve the effectiveness of installed measures are also discussed. Experience in this field is documented by several examples of additionally mitigated houses. After application of additional measures, indoor radon concentration in the studied houses decreased in average 5.3 times. Costs for additional mitigation were at least four times cheaper compared with costs required for installation of original measures.
- MeSH
- bydlení MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- dekontaminace metody MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- monitorování radiace metody MeSH
- radiační ochrana metody MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- radon analýza MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí analýza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This paper describes a new device and a method to determine the radon diffusion coefficient in damp-proof membranes developed in the Czech Republic. The main advantage of the device is that it enables tests to be carried out in all the known measuring modes used throughout Europe. Two recently developed computer programs are presented for the numerical modelling of the time-dependent radon transport through damp-proof membranes. According to this method, the radon diffusion coefficient is derived from the process of fitting the numerical solution to the measured curve of radon concentration in a receiver container. Numerical simulation and measured data are also compared. Reasons for disagreements between different methods and specific configurations of the measuring device are also discussed.
- MeSH
- bydlení normy statistika a číselné údaje zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování radiace metody normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radiační ochrana metody normy MeSH
- radiometrie metody statistika a číselné údaje využití MeSH
- radon izolace a purifikace normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- větrání metody normy MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí prevence a kontrola škodlivé účinky zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Stavíme. Izolace
1. vyd. 114 s. : il., tab. ; 20 cm
Máte strach z radonu a jeho vlivu na váš organismus? Nevíte jak se proti němu účinně a bezpečně bránit? Chcete vědět jaké druhy izolací jsou proti radonu vhodné? Na tyto otázky vám odpoví publikace, která právě vychází v nakladatelství ERA. Kniha se zabývá nejen účinky produktů radonu v obytném prostoru, ale je také zaměřena na jejich odstraňování. A to jak v novostavbách, tak i při rekonstrukcích objektů.
- MeSH
- bydlení MeSH
- monitorování radiace přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- radioaktivní znečišťující látky MeSH
- radon MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Požadavky na bydlení a jejich uspokojování
- NLK Obory
- environmentální vědy
