Essential oils can be used in a variety of ways to treat microorganisms that have evolved antibiotic resistance. The research assessed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil obtained from Citrus Limonum, Citrus reticulate, and Citrus sinensis fresh peels using the hydro-distillation method. Their chemical compositions were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. Citrus oils had antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and their activity was increased with increasing concentrations. Oils had a significant antimicrobial effect on tested bacteria except on P. aeruginosa only C. Limonum had significant (p≤0.05) inhibitory effects at both 100 and 200 mg/ml. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the inhibition zone of tested oils against A. baumannii and ciprofloxacin at 25 mg/ml, which was the same as against E. coli at 200 mg/ml. The oil inhibitory effect on K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and S. aureus was less than that obtained from ciprofloxacin at concentrations used. At 100 mg/mL, C. reticulate oil had a 23 mm inhibitory zone, while C. sinensis oil had a 23 mm inhibitory zone at 200 mg/mL, which was the same as the inhibitory area of ciprofloxacin against S. marcescens. Oils had convergent antifungal activity against Candida albicans that increased with increasing concentrations. The extracts competed favorably with voriconazole being used as a positive control. Citrus oils had convergent scavenging activities at the concentrations used. The studies confirmed the medicinal and industrial use of citrus essential oils as a therapeutic and antioxidant agent.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky analýza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antiinfekční látky analýza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Citrus * chemie MeSH
- destilace metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- epidermis rostlin chemie MeSH
- farmakologické účinky MeSH
- fytonutrienty analýza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- oleje prchavé * analýza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- scavengery volných radikálů MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Irák MeSH
The majority of nanomaterials have unique properties that make them helpful in a variety of biotechnology applications. The study assesses the phytochemical, antioxidant (using a DPPH radical scavenging assay) and antimicrobial activities and identifies minimum inhibitor concentrations of Citrus sinensis (orange), Citrus Limonum (lemon), and Citrus reticulata (tangerine) extracts and their silver nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the produced AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs have a size of less than 100 nm according to SEM examination. Their DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power increased in a dose-dependent way that was more than that of their aqueous and alcoholic extracts. In comparison to Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, silver nanoparticles were found to be more efficient towards Escherichia coli. Their activities were increased with increasing dosage. Whereas, no inhibition zones were conducted with the examined plain citrus peel extracts. This finding revealed that the biomolecules that cover nanoparticles can increase metal nanoparticles' biological activity and the organic AgNPs green alcoholic and aqueous extracts from orange, lemon, and tangerine peels could be used as a potential source of new antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
The present study has shown the screening test of Hawthorn fruits (Crataegus spp.) using crude hydro-alcoholic extract and in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracted flavonoid which has shown more antibacterial activity than crude extract with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 5% to 2.5%. The amount of total flavonoid and antioxidant activity of Hawthorn fruits (Crataegus spp) in various concentration extracts and antioxidant activities of different concentration extracts were determined by radical scavenging by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*). The output showed that the contents of flavonoid were found to be 0.386 mg quercet in equivalents (QUE/g). Dried extract displayed remarkable antioxidant activity according to (DPPH*) assays.
