After the publication of the Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) trial, open surgery has become the standard approach for radical hysterectomy in early stage cervical cancer. Recent studies assessed the role of a non-radical approach in low risk cervical cancer and showed no survival difference compared with radical hysterectomy. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive simple hysterectomy in low risk cervical cancer. This review offers an overview of the current evidence on the role of the minimally invasive approach in low risk cervical cancer and raises the need for a new clinical trial in this setting.

• MeSH
• hysterektomie * metody   MeSH
• laparoskopie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony * metody   MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Doporučené postupy klinické péče o nosiče patogenních variant v klinicky relevantních genech predisponujících ke vzniku Lynchova syndromu a karcinomu kolorekta definují kroky primární a sekundární prevence, která by měla být osobám ve vysokém riziku vzniku dědičných nádorů v ČR poskytnuta. Tvorba doporučených postupů byla organizována pracovní skupinou onkogenetiky Společnosti lékařské genetiky a genomiky při České lékařské společnosti J. E. Purkyně ve spolupráci se zástupci onkologie, onkogynekologie a gastroenterologie. Doporučené postupy vycházejí z aktuálních doporučení National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), Evropské společnosti pro klinickou onkologii (ESMO) a zohledňují kapacitní možnosti našeho zdravotnictví.

The guidelines for clinical practice for carriers of pathogenic variants in clinically relevant genes predisposing to Lynch syndrome and colorectal cancer define the steps of primary and secondary prevention that should be provided to the individuals at high risk of developing hereditary cancer in the Czech Republic. The drafting of the guidelines was organized by the Oncogenetics Working Group of the Society for Medical Genetics and Genomics of J. E. Purkyně Czech Medical Society, in cooperation with representatives of oncology, oncogynecology, and gastroenterology. The guidelines are based on the current recommendations of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) and take into account the capacity of the Czech healthcare system.

• MeSH
• adhezní molekula epiteliálních buněk genetika   MeSH
• dědičné nepolypózní kolorektální nádory genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * genetika   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * genetika   MeSH
• mismatch repair endonukleáza PMS2 genetika   MeSH
• MutL homolog 1 genetika   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• zárodečné mutace genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Analysis of cell-free DNA methylation (cfDNAme), alone or combined with CA125, could help to detect ovarian cancers earlier and may reduce mortality. We assessed cfDNAme in regions of ZNF154, C2CD4D and WNT6 via targeted bisulfite sequencing in diagnostic and early detection (preceding diagnosis) settings. Diagnostic samples were obtained via prospective blood collection in cell-free DNA tubes in a convenience series of patients with a pelvic mass. Early detection samples were matched case-control samples derived from the UK Familial Ovarian Cancer Screening Study (UKFOCSS). In the diagnostic set (ncases = 27, ncontrols = 41), the specificity of cfDNAme was 97.6% (95% CI: 87.1%-99.9%). High-risk cancers were detected with a sensitivity of 80% (56.3%-94.3%). Combination of cfDNAme and CA125 resulted in a sensitivity of 94.4% (72.7%-99.9%) for high-risk cancers. Despite technical issues in the early detection set (ncases = 29, ncontrols = 29), the specificity of cfDNAme was 100% (88.1%-100.0%). We detected 27.3% (6.0%-61.0%) of high-risk cases with relatively lower genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination. The sensitivity rose to 33.3% (7.5%-70.1%) in samples taken <1 year before diagnosis. We detected ovarian cancer in several patients up to 1 year before diagnosis despite technical limitations associated with archival samples (UKFOCSS). Combined cfDNAme and CA125 assessment may improve ovarian cancer screening in high-risk populations, but future large-scale prospective studies will be required to validate current findings.

• MeSH
• antigen CA-125 MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metylace DNA * MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků * diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• transkripční faktory Krüppel-like genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the performance of the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) using imaging (ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (WB-DWI/MRI) in assessing peritoneal carcinomatosis and predicting non-resectability in tubo-ovarian carcinoma patients. METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter observational study. We considered all patients with suspected primary ovarian/tubal/peritoneal cancer who underwent preoperative ultrasound, CT, and WB-DWI/MRI (if available). The optimal cut off value for assessing the performance of the methods in predicting non-resectability was identified at the point at which the sensitivity and specificity were most similar. The reference standard to predict non-resectability was surgical outcome in terms of residual disease >1 cm or surgery not feasible. Agreement between imaging methods and surgical exploration in assessing sites included in the PCI score was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: 242 patients were included from January 2020 until November 2022. The optimal PCI cut-off for predicting non-resectability for surgical exploration was >12, which achieved the best AUC of 0.87, followed by ultrasound with a cut-off of >10 and AUC of 0.81, WB-DWI/MRI with a cut-off of >12 and AUC of 0.81, and CT with a cut-off of >11 and AUC of 0.74. Using ICC, ultrasound had very high agreement (0.94) with surgical PCI, while CT and WB-DWI/MRI had high agreement (0.86 and 0.87, respectively). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound performed by an expert operator had the best agreement with surgical findings compared to WB-DWI/MRI and CT in assessing radiological PCI. In predicting non-resectability, ultrasound was non-inferior to CT, while its non-inferiority to WB-DWI/MRI was not demonstrated.

• MeSH
• difuzní magnetická rezonance metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory vaječníků * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory vejcovodů diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• peritoneální nádory * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie * metody   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ultrasonografie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Patients with TNM T1a cervical cancer have excellent prognosis; however, the risk for recurrence remains an issue of concern and management guidelines are based on limited data. Here we performed subgroup analysis of the Surveillance in Cervical Cancer (SCCAN) consortium with the objective of defining the prognosis of T1a cervical cancer patients. METHODS: SCCAN was an international, multicentric, retrospective cohort study of patients with cervical cancer undergoing surgical treatment in tertiary centers. Inclusion criteria included: histologically confirmed cervical cancer treated between 2007 and 2016; TNM T1a; primary surgical management; and at least 1-year of follow-up data availability. Exclusion criteria included treatment with primary chemo-radiation, and missing treatment-related or clinical data. RESULTS: Out of 975 patients included, 554 (57 %) were T1a1 and 421 (43 %) T1a2. The majority had squamous-cell carcinoma (78 %). 79 patients (8.1 %) had lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). 455 patients (47 %) underwent radical hysterectomy/ parametrectomy. Laparoscopic and open surgery was performed in 401 (41 %) and in 361 (37 %) patients, respectively. Adjuvant treatment was administered to 56 patients (5.7 %). Assessment of lymph nodes (LN) was performed in 524 patients (54 %), with LN involvement found in 15 (2.9 %). There were 40 (4.1 %) recurrences, occurring at a median of 26 months (4-106), out of which 33 (82.5 %) occurred in pelvis. Among T1a1 cases, there were 10 recurrences (2.0 %) if LVSI was negative, and 3 recurrences (6.7 %) if LVSI was positive. Among T1a2 cases, there were 23 recurrences (6.7 %) if LVSI was negative, and 4 recurrences (5.1 %) if LVSI was positive. There were 3 recurrences in the LN+ group (recurrence rate 20 %). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of recurrence in T1a cervical cancer was 4.1 % corresponding to the rates seen in patients with FIGO 1B cancer in recently published prospective trials. LN involvement represents a risk factor for disease recurrence. Our results indicate that stage T1a cervical cancer, apart from T1a1 LVSI negative disease, should follow the same principles in the management as that of FIGO stage 1B cancer.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hysterektomie MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru patologie   MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku * patologie   terapie   chirurgie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom patologie   terapie   chirurgie   MeSH
• staging nádorů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

In March 2024, 12 European Network of Young Gynae Oncologists-International Journal of Gynaecological Cancer (ENYGO-IJGC) Editorial Fellows conducted 10 interviews with senior opinion leaders on original and controversial topics in the field of gynecologic oncology presented during the 25th European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) Congress in Barcelona, Spain. This article provides a summary and overview of the content of these discussions summarizing key points presented at the meeting. These selected interviews were chosen by consensus by the ENYGO-IJGC Editorial Fellows based on novelty and relevance to the field of gynecologic oncology.

• MeSH
• gynekologie MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• lékařská onkologie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů * terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• rozhovory MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Španělsko MeSH

Prehabilitation aims to improve patients' physical condition before a stressful event, such as surgery, and enhance recovery. Despite its potential benefits, many emerging prehabilitation programs face challenges in enrolling or retaining patients. In our prehabilitation study PHOCUS, which aims to prepare ovarian cancer patients for surgery, we have also encountered lower acceptance and retention rates. Particularly the most vulnerable patients, who are old and frail, and may benefit the most from the prehabilitation, decline participation due to the complexity of the proposed program. In our review we discussed obstacles and barriers that prevent patients' participation based on both literature and our experience. Among the main reasons are patient's low motivation, high intensity of the program and a lack of social support. To overcome these challenges, we suggest increasing the program's flexibility, adapting the program according to individual patient's needs and enhancing patients' education about the benefits of prehabilitation.

• MeSH
• fyzioterapie v předoperační přípravě * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• nádory vaječníků chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů * rehabilitace   chirurgie   MeSH
• pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí psychologie   MeSH
• předoperační péče metody   MeSH
• sociální opora MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: The anatomic descriptions and extents of radical hysterectomy often vary across the literature and operative reports worldwide. The same nomenclature is often used to describe varying procedures, and different nomenclature is often used to describe the same procedure despite the availability of guideline and classification systems. This makes it difficult to interpret retrospective surgical reports, analyze surgical databases, understand technique descriptions, and interpret the findings of surgical studies. OBJECTIVE: In collaboration with international experts in gynecologic oncology, the purpose of this study was to establish a consensus in defining and interpreting the 2017 updated Querleu-Morrow classification of radical hysterectomies. STUDY DESIGN: The anatomic templates of type A, B, and C radical hysterectomy were documented through a set of 13 images taken at the time of cadaver dissection. An online survey related to radical hysterectomy nomenclature and definitions or descriptions of the associated procedures was circulated among international experts in radical hysterectomy. A 3-step modified Delphi method was used to establish consensus. Image legends were amended according to the experts' responses and then redistributed as part of a second round of the survey. Consensus was defined by a yes response to a question concerning a specific image. Anyone who responded no to a question was welcome to comment and provide justification. A final set of images and legends were compiled to anatomically illustrate and define or describe a lateral, ventral, and dorsal excision of the tissues surrounding the cervix. RESULTS: In total, there were 13 questions to review, and 29 experts completed the whole process. Final consensus exceeded 90% for all questions except 1 (86%). Questions with relatively lower consensus rates concerned the definitions of types A and B2 radical hysterectomy, which were the main innovations of the 2017 updated version of the 2008 Querleu-Morrow classification. Questions with the highest consensus rates concerned the definitions of types B1 and C, which are the most frequently performed radical hysterectomies. CONCLUSION: The 2017 version of the Querleu-Morrow classification proved to be a robust tool for defining and describing the extent of radical hysterectomies with a high level of consensus among international experts in gynecologic oncology. Knowledge and implementation of the exact definitions of hysterectomy radicality are imperative in clinical practice and clinical research.

• MeSH
• cervix uteri MeSH
• hysterektomie metody   MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In ovarian cancer the optimal cytoreduction improves the outcome of patients only if complete removal of the tumor is achieved. This complex procedure is associated with high morbidity. The most actual issues in gynecological oncology is to assess preoperatively the extent of the disease and predict ability to achieve no residual tumor at the end of surgery. In our prospective pilot study (2016 to 2017), the potential role of ultrasound in ovarian cancer staging was documented for the first time when compared to the method of choice (CT) and a novel technique (WB-DWI/MRI) with surgery as reference standard. It was shown that ultrasound has better accuracy than CT and MRI in the assessment of the disease in the pelvis and comparable to MRI followed by CT in the epigastrium. The proposed European multicentric prospective diagnostic study aims to validate our promising results in a multicentric design with a focus on the most clinically relevant question which is the assessment of tumour sites critical to achieve optimal cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

Optimální cytoredukce zlepšuje výsledky léčby pacientek s ovariálním karcinomem pouze, pokud je odstraněn všechen viditelný nádor. Tyto extenzivní výkony přináší vysokou morbiditu pro pacientku. Aktuálním úkolem v gynekologické onkologii je správně zhodnotit rozsah onemocnění před operací a určit, zda je možné nádor odstranit bez ponechání jeho rezidua. V naší pilotní studii, která byla provedena v letech 2016 až 2017, byl poprvé doložen význam ultrazvuku ve stagingu ovariálního karcinomu ve srovnání s metodou volby (CT) a novou metodou (celotělová MR s difúzně váženými obrazy), kdy referenčním standardem byl operační nález a histologie. Ultrazvuk měl vyšší přesnost než CT a MR ve zhodnocení rozsevu v pánvi a srovnatelné výsledky s oběma metodami ve stanovení rozsevu v břišní dutině. V předložené Evropské prospektivní diagnostické studii bychom rádi ověřili slibné výsledky pilotní studie. Naším hlavním cílem bude stanovit přesnost jednotlivých zobrazovacích metod v detekci nádorové infiltrace v místech, která jsou nepřístupná pro dosažení optimální cytoredukce.

• Klíčová slova
• magnetická rezonance, magnetic resonance imaging, Zhoubný nádor vaječníků, Staging, Ultrazvuk, Počítačová tomografie, Operabilita, Ovarian cancer, Staging, Ultrasound, Computed tomography, Resectability,

• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess whether the use of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in addition to lymphadenectomy was associated with survival benefit in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS: International, multicenter, retrospective study. INCLUSION CRITERIA: cervical cancer treated between 01/2007 and 12/2016 by surgery only; squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, FIGO 2009 stage IB1-IIA2, negative surgical margins, and laparotomy approach. Patients undergoing neo-adjuvant and/or adjuvant treatment and/or with positive para-aortic lymph nodes, were excluded. Women with positive pelvic nodes who refused adjuvant treatment, were included. Lymph node assessment was performed by SLN (with ultrastaging protocol) plus pelvic lymphadenectomy ('SLN' group) or pelvic lymphadenectomy alone ('non-SLN' group). RESULTS: 1083 patients were included: 300 (27.7 %) in SLN and 783 (72.3 %) in non-SLN group. 77 (7.1 %) patients had recurrence (N = 11, 3.7 % SLN versus N = 66, 8.4 % non-SLN, p = 0.005) and 34 (3.1 %) (N = 4, 1.3 % SLN versus N = 30, 3.8 % non-SLN, p = 0.033) died. SLN group had better 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) (96.0 %,95 %CI:93.5-98.5 versus 92.0 %,95 %CI:90.0-94.0; p = 0.024). No 5-year overall survival (OS) difference was shown (98.4 %,95 %CI:96.8-99.9 versus 96.8 %,95 %CI:95.4-98.2; p = 0.160). SLN biopsy and lower stage were independent factors associated with improved DFS (HR:0.505,95 %CI:0.266-0.959, p = 0.037 and HR:2.703,95 %CI:1.389-5.261, p = 0.003, respectively). Incidence of pelvic central recurrences was higher in the non-SLN group (1.7 % versus 4.5 %, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Adding SLN biopsy to pelvic lymphadenectomy was associated with lower recurrence and death rate and improved 5-year DFS. This might be explained by the lower rate of missed nodal metastasis thanks to the use of SLN ultrastaging. SLN biopsy should be recommended in patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

• MeSH
• biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfadenektomie * metody   MeSH
• lymfatické metastázy MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku * patologie   chirurgie   mortalita   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sentinelová uzlina * patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom chirurgie   patologie   mortalita   MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH