American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) faeces were tested for Escherichia coli with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamases. A total of 590 faecal samples were collected at four roosting sites in the USA and cultivated on selective media. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were performed to assess clonality. Transferability of resistance genes was studied using conjugation and transformation bioassays. In total, 78 (13%, n = 590) cefotaxime-resistant isolates were obtained, of which 66 and 12 displayed AmpC and ESBL phenotypes, respectively. Fifty-four AmpC-producing isolates carried blaCMY-2 . Isolates producing ESBLs contained genes blaCTX-M-27 (5 isolates), blaCTX-M-15 (4), blaCTX-M-14 (2) and blaCTX-M-1 (1). Ninety isolates (15%, n = 590) with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were obtained, among which 14 harboured PMQR genes aac(6')-Ib-cr (4 isolates), qnrB19 (3), qnrS1 (2), qnrA1 (2), qnrB2 (1), qnrB6 (1) and qnrD3 (1). High genetic diversity was revealed by PFGE and MLST. Epidemiologically important E. coli clones (e.g., ST131, ST405) were identified. Plasmids carrying blaCMY-2 were assigned predominantly to IncA/C (8 plasmids), IncI1/ST23 (5) and IncI1/ST12 (3). The study demonstrates a widespread occurrence of E. coli with ESBL, AmpC and PMQR genes associated with clinically important multidrug-resistant clones and epidemic plasmids, in American crows.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• beta-laktamasy genetika   MeSH
• cefotaxim farmakologie   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• nemoci ptáků mikrobiologie   MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• vrány mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální geny * MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae genetika   MeSH
• enterobakteriální infekce epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nemoci ptáků epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• plazmidy * MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• vrány mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

We studied the vanA-carrying vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from American crows in the United States during the winter 2011/2012. Faecal samples from crows were cultured selectively for VRE and characterized. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to examine epidemiological relationships of vanA-containing VRE. Isolates were tested in vitro for their ability to horizontally transfer the vancomycin resistance trait. VRE with the vanA gene were found in 15 (2.5%) of 590 crows samples, from which we obtained 22 different isolates. Enterococcal species were Enterococcus faecium (14) and E. faecalis (8). One, two and 19 isolates originated from Kansas, New York State and Massachusetts, respectively. Based on MLST analysis, E. faecium isolates were grouped as ST18 (6 isolates), ST555 (2), and novel types ST749 (1), ST750 (3), ST751 (1), ST752 (1). Enterococcus faecalis isolates belonged to ST6 (1), ST16 (3) and ST179 (4). All isolates were able to transfer the vancomycin resistance trait via filter mating with very high transfer range. Clinically important enterococci with the vanA gene occur in faeces of wild American crows throughout the United States. These migrating birds may contribute to the dissemination of VRE in environment over large distances. [Correction added after first online publication on 06 August 2013: The number of E. faecium ST752 isolate is now amended to '1', consistent with that shown in the 'Results' section and Figure 2.].

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecalis genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ligasy tvořící vazby C-O genetika   MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• přenos genů horizontální MeSH
• rezistence na vankomycin genetika   MeSH
• vrány mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH