OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common problems in women, and important reason for visiting primary care physicians, resulting in substantial financial burden to community. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance rates of E. coli to commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs for community-acquired UTIs in women and to establish the association between age and resistance to antibiotics among isolates of E. coli from urine. METHODS: The study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study during the 5-years period. It was conducted on a sample of urinary tract isolates of E. coli taken from women with community-acquired UTIs. After prevalence of E. coli resistance to antibiotics was established, the analysis of risk factors for emergence of resistance was conducted. RESULTS: There were 10,734 isolates of E. coli, comprising 70.62% of all samples analyzed. E. coli was the most frequently resistant to ampicillin (54.68%), followed by trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (37.46%), first and second generation cephalosporins (cephalexin and cefaclor) (29.53% both), and ciprofloxacin (23.80%). Less than 50% of E. coli isolates was sensitive to all three tested antibiotics, and nearly 13% acquired triple-resistance. Prevalence of isolates resistant to two or three agents was higher in the subgroup of women older than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical choice of antimicrobial agent for community-acquired non-complicated UTIs in women should be individualized on the basis of the patient's age, prevalence of resistance in the local community, and compliance history of the patient.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- Escherichia coli chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- infekce močového ústrojí * epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
External application of seabuckthorn oil (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is difficult due to its liquid state in spite of its benefits for damaged skin. In order to overcome this inadequacy the semisolid emulsion with seabuckthorn oil was prepared. Previous research showed that this emulsion possessing an enhanced structure with liquid crystals showed a higher wound healing potential than seabuckthorn oil. The aim of this investigation was to characterize suitability of this emulsion for topical use. The emulsion was prepared by combining emulsifiers that form liquid crystals. Two different quantities of seabuckthorn oil were incorporated. Samples were prepared with 10% and 40% of seabuckthorn oil. Organoleptic characteristics were estimated visually and by smearing samples on a thin glass plate. Type of emulsion was determined by a conductometric method, while a pH value of the emulsion was measured by a pH meter. Samples of seabuckthorn emulsion were orange, semisolid, shiny, easily spreadable on skin, and the smear on the glass plate was homogeneous. There was an absence of smell and the emulsion could be rinsed by water after the application on skin, which is a desired characteristic of oil/water emulsions. Results of an electrical conductivity confirmed that an outer phase is water. Samples possesed an acceptable pH value for an external topical use. This research confirmed that constituents and a method used were suitable for preparing semisolid emulsion with seabuckthorn oil. Organoleptic properties, a pH value and a type of obtained emuslion appear to be adequate for topical use.
- MeSH
- aplikace lokální MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody MeSH
- elektrická vodivost MeSH
- emulze chemická syntéza MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- Hippophae MeSH
- hojení ran MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- konduktometrie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- krušina MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- rostlinné přípravky chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
