BACKGROUND AND AIMS: UVB radiation can rapidly induce gene regulation leading to cumulative changes for plant physiology and morphology. We hypothesized that a transgenerational effect of chronic exposure to solar short UV modulates the offspring's responses to UVB and blue light, and that the transgenerational effect is genotype dependent. METHODS: We established a factorial experiment combining two Vicia faba L. accessions, two parental UV treatments (full sunlight and exclusion of short UV, 290-350 nm), and four offspring light treatments from the factorial combination of UVB and blue light. The accessions were Aurora from southern Sweden, and ILB938 from Andean region of Colombia and Ecuador. KEY RESULTS: The transgenerational effect influenced morphological responses to blue light differently in the two accessions. In Aurora, when UVB was absent, blue light increased shoot dry mass only in plants whose parents were protected from short UV. In ILB938, blue light increased leaf area and shoot dry mass more in plants whose parents were exposed to short UV than those that were not. Moreover, when the offspring was exposed to UVB, the transgenerational effect decreased in ILB938 and disappeared in Aurora. For flavonoids, the transgenerational effect was detected only in Aurora: parental exposure to short UV was associated with a greater induction of total quercetin in response to UVB. Transcript abundance was higher in Aurora than in ILB938 for both CHALCONE SYNTHASE (99-fold) and DON-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE 1 (19-fold). CONCLUSIONS: The results supported both hypotheses. Solar short UV had transgenerational effects on progeny responses to blue and UVB radiation, and they differed between the accessions. These transgenerational effects could be adaptive by acclimation of slow and cumulative morphological change, and by early build-up of UV protection through flavonoid accumulation on UVB exposure. The differences between the two accessions aligned with their adaptation to contrasting UV environments.
A 2-year study explored metabolic and phenotypic plasticity of sun-acclimated Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir leaves collected from 12 locations across a 36.69-49.98°N latitudinal gradient. Leaf morphological and biochemical parameters were analysed in the context of meteorological parameters and the latitudinal gradient. We found that leaf fresh weight and area were negatively correlated with both global and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, cumulated global radiation being a stronger correlator. Cumulative UV radiation (sumUVR) was the strongest correlator with most leaf metabolites and pigments. Leaf UV-absorbing pigments, total antioxidant capacities, and phenolic compounds increased with increasing sumUVR, whereas total carotenoids and xanthophylls decreased. Despite of this reallocation of metabolic resources from carotenoids to phenolics, an increase in xanthophyll-cycle pigments (the sum of the amounts of three xanthophylls: violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin) with increasing sumUVR indicates active, dynamic protection for the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition, increased amounts of flavonoids (quercetin glycosides) and constitutive β-carotene and α-tocopherol pools provide antioxidant protection against reactive oxygen species. However, rather than a continuum of plant acclimation responses, principal component analysis indicates clusters of metabolic states across the explored 1,500-km-long latitudinal gradient. This study emphasizes the physiological component of plant responses to latitudinal gradients and reveals the physiological plasticity that may act to complement genetic adaptations.
- MeSH
- absorpce radiace MeSH
- alfa-tokoferol analýza MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- fenoly analýza MeSH
- karotenoidy analýza MeSH
- listy rostlin anatomie a histologie metabolismus fyziologie účinky záření MeSH
- metabolom MeSH
- podnebí * MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- Vitis anatomie a histologie metabolismus fyziologie účinky záření MeSH
- xanthofyly analýza MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Mature berries of Pinot Noir grapevines were sampled across a latitudinal gradient in Europe, from southern Spain to central Germany. Our aim was to study the influence of latitude-dependent environmental factors on the metabolite composition (mainly phenolic compounds) of berry skins. Solar radiation variables were positively correlated with flavonols and flavanonols and, to a lesser extent, with stilbenes and cinnamic acids. The daily means of global and erythematic UV solar radiation over long periods (bud break-veraison, bud break-harvest, and veraison-harvest), and the doses and daily means in shorter development periods (5-10 days before veraison and harvest) were the variables best correlated with the phenolic profile. The ratio between trihydroxylated and monohydroxylated flavonols, which was positively correlated with antioxidant capacity, was the berry skin variable best correlated with those radiation variables. Total flavanols and total anthocyanins did not show any correlation with radiation variables. Air temperature, degree days, rainfall, and aridity indices showed fewer correlations with metabolite contents than radiation. Moreover, the latter correlations were restricted to the period veraison-harvest, where radiation, temperature, and water availability variables were correlated, making it difficult to separate the possible individual effects of each type of variable. The data show that managing environmental factors, in particular global and UV radiation, through cultural practices during specific development periods, can be useful to promote the synthesis of valuable nutraceuticals and metabolites that influence wine quality.
- MeSH
- anthokyaniny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- flavonoly analýza metabolismus MeSH
- nadmořská výška MeSH
- ovoce chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus účinky záření MeSH
- polyfenoly analýza metabolismus MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- Vitis chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus účinky záření MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
