This research paper presents a novel approach to the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using viticultural waste, allowing to obtain NP dispersions with distinct properties and morphologies (monodisperse and polydisperse AgNPs, referred to as mAgNPs and pAgNPs) and to compare their biological activities. Our synthesis method utilized the ethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera pruning residues, resulting in the production of mAgNPs and pAgNPs with average sizes of 12 ± 5 nm and 19 ± 14 nm, respectively. Both these AgNPs preparations demonstrated an exceptional stability in terms of size distribution, which was maintained for one year. Antimicrobial testing revealed that both types of AgNPs inhibited either the growth of planktonic cells or the metabolic activity of biofilm sessile cells in Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. No comparable activity was found towards Gram-positives. Overall, pAgNPs exhibited a higher antimicrobial efficacy compared to their monodisperse counterparts, suggesting that their size and shape may provide a broader spectrum of interactions with target cells. Both AgNP preparations showed no cytotoxicity towards a human keratinocyte cell line. Furthermore, in vivo tests using a silkworm animal model indicated the biocompatibility of the phytosynthesized AgNPs, as they had no adverse effects on insect larvae viability. These findings emphasize the potential of targeted AgNPs synthesized from viticultural waste as environmentally friendly antimicrobial agents with minimal impact on higher organisms.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky farmakologie chemie MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- bourec MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- gramnegativní bakterie účinky léků MeSH
- keratinocyty účinky léků MeSH
- kovové nanočástice * chemie MeSH
- kvasinky účinky léků MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie chemie MeSH
- stříbro * farmakologie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- technologie zelené chemie MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Vitis * chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This paper represents the results of screening a diversity of fungal endophytes associated with Vitis vinifera leaves and canes in the Czech Republic. The characterization of strains is based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, EF1α and TUB2 sequence data. Our strain selection covers 16 species and seven orders belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Together with ubiquitous fungi, we report on several poorly known plant-associated fungi, Angustimassarina quercicola (= A. coryli, a synonym proposed in this study) and Pleurophoma pleurospora. Other species, such as Didymella negriana, D. variabilis, Neosetophoma sp. (species identical or sister to N. rosae), Phragmocamarosporium qujingensis and Sporocadus rosigena, have so far been little known and rarely found, but are frequent on V. vinifera in different parts of the world and obviously belong to a microbiota with a strong preference for this plant. Detailed taxonomical identification allowed us to identify species with apparent stable associations with V. vinifera, for which further interactions with V. vinifera can be expected. Our study is the first to focus on V. vinifera endophytes in Central Europe and expands the knowledge about their taxonomy, ecology and geography.
- MeSH
- Basidiomycota * MeSH
- endofyty genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- houby MeSH
- Vitis * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- extrakt ze semen vinné révy * terapeutické užití MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proantokyanidiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- stárnutí MeSH
- Vitis MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- superpotraviny,
- MeSH
- Beta vulgaris MeSH
- Brassica MeSH
- česnek MeSH
- fazol MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Vaccinium vitis-idaea MeSH
- Vitis MeSH
- zdravá strava * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
More than half of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients develop central neuropathic pain (CNP), which is largely refractory to current treatments. Considering the preclinical evidence showing that polyphenolic compounds may exert antinociceptive effects, the present work aimed to study preventive effects on SCI-induced CNP development by repeated administration of two vegetal polyphenolic extracts: grape stalk extract (GSE) and coffee extract (CE). Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days postinjury. Then, gliosis, ERK phosphorylation and the expression of CCL2 and CX3CL1 chemokines and their receptors, CCR2 and CX3CR1, were analyzed in the spinal cord. Gliosis and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression were also analyzed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) since they are supraspinal structures involved in pain perception and modulation. GSE and CE treatments modulated pain behaviors accompanied by reduced gliosis in the spinal cord and both treatments modulated neuron-glia crosstalk-related biomolecules expression. Moreover, both extracts attenuated astrogliosis in the ACC and PAG as well as microgliosis in the ACC with an increased M2 subpopulation of microglial cells in the PAG. Finally, GSE and CE prevented CX3CL1/CX3CR1 upregulation in the PAG, and modulated their expression in ACC. These findings suggest that repeated administrations of either GSE or CE after SCI may be suitable pharmacologic strategies to attenuate SCI-induced CNP development by means of spinal and supraspinal neuroinflammation modulation.
- MeSH
- glióza komplikace etiologie MeSH
- hyperalgezie komplikace etiologie MeSH
- mícha metabolismus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neuralgie * komplikace etiologie MeSH
- poranění míchy * komplikace farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- Vitis * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- olej z hroznových jader,
- MeSH
- hojení ran * MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oleje MeSH
- Vitis MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Plant lignans possess several properties beneficial for human health and therefore, increasing their contents in foods and beverages is desirable. One of the lignan sources in human diet is wine. To elucidate the origin of lignans contained in wine, LC-MS was used to analyze resinol-related lignans in must, seeds, stems, and wine prepared using stainless steel tanks, oak barrels, and Qvevri (clay vessel). White wines aged in stainless steel tanks contained significantly lower amounts of lignan aglycones (20-60 µg/L) than red and Qvevri wines (300-500 µg/L). Generally, white wines aged in stainless steel tanks contained only low amounts of isolariciresinol and matairesinol. Qvevri wines and red wine aged in stainless steel tank contained up to five lignan compounds and in wine aged in oak barrel, six different lignans were identified. Consistently, only low concentration of isolariciresinol has been found in must, whereas more lignan compounds have been found in grape seeds (isolariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, and pinoresinol) and stems (isolariciresinol and syringaresinol). Consequently, we conclude that lignan content in wine can be increased by maturation in contact with grape berries, seeds, or stems or with wood.
It is estimated that more than 20% of processed apples and grapes are discarded as waste, which is dominated by pomace rich in malic acid that could be converted to high-value organic acids or other chemicals. A total of 98 yeast strains isolated from apple, grape, and plum wastes were evaluated for their ability to degrade malic acid relative to known yeast strains. Most (94%) of the new isolates degraded malic acid efficiently (> 50%) in the presence and absence of exogenous glucose, whereas only 14% of the known strains could do so, thus confirming the value of exploring (and exploiting) natural biodiversity. The best candidates were evaluated in synthetic media for their ability to convert malic acid to other valuable products under aerobic and oxygen-limited conditions, with two strains that produced ethanol and acetic acid as potential biorefinery products during aerobic cultivations and oxygen-limited fermentations on sterilized apple and grape pomace. Noteworthy was the identification of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that is more efficient in degrading malic acid than other members of the species. This natural strain could be of value in the wine-making industry that often requires pH corrections due to excess malic acid.
According to the EU legislation, ochratoxin A contamination is controlled in wines. Tokaj wine is a special type of sweet wine produced from botrytized grapes infected by "noble rot" Botrytis cinerea. Although a high contamination was reported in sweet wines and noble rot grapes could be susceptible to coinfection with other fungi, including ochratoxigenic species, no screening of Tokaj wines for mycotoxin contamination has been carried out so far. Therefore, we developed an analytical method for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) and ochratoxin B (OTB) involving online SPE coupled to HPLC-FD using column switching to achieve the fast and sensitive control of mycotoxin contamination. The method was validated with recoveries ranging from 91.6% to 99.1% with an RSD less than 2%. The limits of quantification were 0.1 and 0.2 µg L-1 for OTA and OTB, respectively. The total analysis time of the online SPE-HPLC-FD method was a mere 6 min. This high throughput enables routine analysis. Finally, we carried out an extensive investigation of the ochratoxin contamination in 59 Slovak Tokaj wines of 1959-2017 vintage. Only a few positives were detected. The OTA content in most of the checked wines did not exceed the EU maximum tolerable limit of 2 µg L-1, indicating a good quality of winegrowing and storing.
- MeSH
- analýza potravin metody MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- extrakce na pevné fázi MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- ochratoxiny analýza MeSH
- řízení kvality MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- víno analýza MeSH
- Vitis chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: The research focused on the evaluation of the impact of cover cropping on trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co and Cd) and nutrients in vineyard soils and Vitis vinifera L. For this purpose, two types of cover crops (Lolium perenne L. and Medicago sativa L.) and their mixture were planted between vine rows of Muscat white in the vineyard in South Crimea. Trace elements, nutrients and other parameters were analyzed in the soil layers, leaves and grapevines of control and cover cropped plots. RESULTS: The effect of cover cropping was dependent on applied plant species. Ryegrass (L. perenne L.) seems to compete with V. vinifera L. for nutrients - these were lower in the soil and vines of the treated plot. In parallel, lead (Pb) bioconcentration in grapevines was reduced. In contrast, under lucerne (M. sativa L.), nitrogen in the soil and vines, and trace metal bioconcentration (Fe, Pb and Co) were higher. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that cover cropping can influence the chemical composition of soil and vines. This should be considered when selecting cover crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- jílek růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Medicago růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- ovoce chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- pěstování plodin metody MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Vitis chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- živiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
