Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite with domestic or free-living members of family Felidae known as the only definitive hosts of the parasite. The study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in selected population groups in Slovakia and to analyse the infection risk factors. Totally 1536 serum samples of voluntary respondents were examined by EIA Toxoplasma IgG (Test-Line Ltd., Clinical Diagnostics, Brno, Czech Republic). IgG antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 322 (21.0%) sera, with the highest seropositivity recorded among farmers (42.5%) and hunters (28.5%). According to age, the highest seropositivity was recorded in 12-18-year-old Roma children (46.2%), what confirms increased risk of infection in this minority that often lives in inadequate hygiene conditions. When only adult participants were taken into account, the highest seroprevalence was observed in the age group of ≥ 70 years. Higher risk of infection (p < 0.05) was connected with cat ownership, living in rural residency and consumption of raw meat and meat processing. The results underline the importance of preventive measures and ongoing need to improve the knowledge on toxoplasmosis in both professionals and public.

• MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protilátky protozoální krev   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• Toxoplasma imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• toxoplazmóza diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Univerzitné skriptá, majú za cieľ poskytnúť študentom pohľad na základné otázky zdravotného práva a rozvíjať ich vedomosti a zručnosti v tejto oblasti práva. Sústreďujú sa na subjekty zdravotného práva, formy poskytovania zdravotnej starostlivosti, otázky umelého oplodnenia, asistovanej reprodukcie, biomedicínskeho výskumu, právne aspekty smrti a ďalšie. Nakladatelská anotace. Kráceno.; Učebná pomôcka, univerzitné skriptá, majú za cieľ poskytnúť študentom pohľad na základné otázky zdravotného práva a rozvíjať ich vedomosti a zručnosti v tejto oblasti práva. Autorky zdôrazňujú, že predložené skriptá ani zďaleka nepokrývajú celú širokú oblasť zdravotného práva. Sústreďujú sa na charakterizovanie jeho základných znakov, miesto v systéme právneho poriadku Slovenskej republiky, subjekty zdravotného práva, formy poskytovania zdravotnej starostlivosti a otázky umelého oplodnenia, asistovanej reprodukcie, biomedicínskeho výskumu, právne aspekty smrti a mnohé ďalšie.

• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• chorobopisy zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• právní vědy MeSH
• reprodukční lékařství zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• smrt MeSH
• transplantace zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• zákonodárství jako téma MeSH
• zákonodárství lékařské MeSH
• zdravotní pojištění zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Právo
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• právo, zákonodárství
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol
• zákony
• právní předpisy

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a worldwide distributed bacterium with a significant medical and veterinary importance. It grows within the phagosome of infected neutrophils and is responsible for human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), tick-borne fever (TBF) of small ruminants and cattle, canine and equine granulocytic anaplasmosis, but infects also a great variety of wildlife species. Wild ungulates and rodents are considered reservoirs of infection in natural foci. The objective of this study was to determine the spectrum of animal species involved in the circulation of A. phagocytophilum in Slovakia and to analyze the variability of obtained nucleotide sequences, in order to determine whether genotypes from Slovakia cluster according to host-species or geographical location. Several animal species and vector ticks were screened for the presence of members of the family Anaplasmataceae using PCR based methods. Additional data on the molecular evidence of Anaplasma ovis and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis are presented. These pathogens were detected in tested sheep flocks and rodents with the mean infection rates of 8.16% and 10.75%, respectively. A. phagocytophilum was genotyped by 16S rRNA and groEL gene sequencing. Bacterial DNA was confirmed in questing ixodid ticks, in domesticated canine, wild rodents and several species of wild ungulates. In European isolates, 16S rRNA gene does not seem to be an appropriate locus for the analyses of heterogeneity as it is too conservative. Similarly, 16S rRNA isolates from our study did not reveal any polymorphisms. All isolates were identical in overlapped region and showed identity with sequences from ticks, horses or ruminants previously isolated elsewhere in the world. On the other hand, the groESL heat shock operon is widely used for determination of diversity and the analyses have already revealed considerable degree of heterogeneity. Tested ungulates were infected with A. phagocytophilum to a considerable extent. High proportions of red and roe deer tested positive and the rates of infection reached over 60.0%. GroEL sequences from canine, wild ungulates and ticks from Slovakia clustered within a clade together with isolates from horses, humans, wild ungulates and ticks from Slovakia or elsewhere in the world. Sequences from rodents clustered apart from those obtained from wild ungulates, ticks and humans. These results suggest that European rodents do not harbour A. phagocytophilum strains with strong zoonotic potential such as those from United States.

• MeSH
• Anaplasma klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• anaplasmóza MeSH
• arachnida jako vektory mikrobiologie   MeSH
• hlodavci MeSH
• klíště mikrobiologie   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• vysoká zvěř MeSH
• zdroje nemoci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH