In the present study, we investigated the anticancer action of the trithiolato arene ruthenium complex, [(η-p-MeC6H4Pr)2Ru2(μ-S-p-C6H4OH)3]Cl, named diruthenium-2, both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and DNA-damaging activity, and the effect on expressions of cell cycle regulatory proteins were investigated using a WST-1-based proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay, comet assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. In-vivo anticancer activity was evaluated using Ehrlich tumor-bearing NMRI mice. Diruthenium-2 inhibited the growth of all cancer cell lines used, the most sensitive being gastric (AGS), breast cancer (BT-549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), and leukemic (HL-60, MOLT-4) cells. In MCF-7 cells, it caused a G1/S cell cycle arrest, along with an increase in the expression of protein p21 and cyclin B1. We also observed increased levels of MRN complex proteins, which, together with the results from the comet assay, indicate the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. In tumor-bearing mice, diruthenium-2 at doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg inhibits the growth of solid Ehrlich tumor, although weaker than cisplatin. However, it did not prolong the post-therapeutic survival. Our results suggest the in-vitro potential of diruthenium-2 should be further evaluated in studies using other in-vivo models.

• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• HL-60 buňky MeSH
• komplexní sloučeniny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• léky antitumorózní - screeningové testy MeSH
• leukemie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MFC-7 buňky MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory prsu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nádory žaludku farmakoterapie   MeSH
• ruthenium chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• xenogenní modely - testy antitumorózní aktivity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Four diruthenium trithiolato chlorambucil conjugates have been prepared via Steglich esterification from chlorambucil and the corresponding trithiolato precursors. All conjugates are highly cytotoxic towards human ovarian A2780 and A2780cisR cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The conjugates exhibit selectivity towards A2780 cells as compared to non-cancerous HEK293 cells, while being only slightly selective for RF24 and A2780cisR cells. In vivo, the conjugate [10]BF4 suppressed the growth of a solid Ehrlich tumor in immunocompetent NMRI mice but did not prolong their overall survival. The reactivity of the chlorambucil conjugates with glutathione, a potential target of the dinuclear ruthenium motive, and with the 2-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate (dGMP-a model target of chlorambucil) was studied by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The conjugates did not show catalytic activity for the oxidation of glutathione nor binding to nucleotides, indicating that glutathione oxidation and DNA alkylation are not key mechanisms of action. Four highly cytotoxic diruthenium trithiolato chlorambucil conjugates have been prepared. All conjugates exhibit selectivity towards A2780 cells as compared to HEK293 cells, while being only slightly active in RF24 and A2780cisR cells. In vivo, the best candidate suppressed the growth of a solid Ehrlich tumor in immunocompetent NMRI mice but did not prolong their overall survival.

• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• chlorambucil chemie   MeSH
• experimentální nádory farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• léky antitumorózní - screeningové testy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární konformace MeSH
• monoterpeny chemie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• organokovové sloučeniny chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• ruthenium chemie   MeSH
• sulfhydrylové sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH