Neonatální infekce virem Herpes simplex (HSV) jsou vzácná, ale potenciálně smrtelná onemocnění. K přenosu infekce dochází nejčastěji během porodu, vzácněji postnatálně. Nejobávanější formou je diseminovaná infekce s multiorgánovým postižením, která je zatížena vysokou morbiditou a mortalitou. V tomto kazuistickém sdělení prezentujeme případ neočekávaného úmrtí novorozence, u kterého pitva odhalila diseminovanou infekci virem Herpes simplex 1 (HSV1).
Neonatal Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are rare but potentially fatal diseases. HSV infection is usually acquired when a newborn comes into contact with viable virus during intrapartum transit through infected birth canal. However, some cases are transmitted postnatally. Disseminated HSV infection with multiorgan involvement is the most feared form of the disease and is burdened with high morbidity and mortality. In this case report, we present a case of unexpected death of a neonate in whom the autopsy revealed disseminated Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) infection.
- MeSH
- Liver diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Human * pathogenicity MeSH
- Multiple Organ Failure diagnosis etiology pathology MeSH
- Death, Sudden etiology pathology MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Perinatal Death * etiology MeSH
- Autopsy methods MeSH
- Lung diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Polymerase Chain Reaction methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major public health problem worldwide, with limited treatment options, but inducing an antiviral response by innate immunity activation may provide a therapeutic alternative. We assessed the cytokine-mediated anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potential for stimulating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway using STING agonists in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and nonparenchymal liver cells (NPCs). The natural STING agonist, 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP, the synthetic analogue 3',3'-c-di(2'F,2'dAMP), and its bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) prodrug had strong indirect cytokine-mediated anti-HBV effects in PHH regardless of HBV genotype. Furthermore, STING agonists induced anti-HBV cytokine secretion in vitro, in both human and mouse NPCs, and triggered hepatic T cell activation. Cytokine secretion and lymphocyte activation were equally stimulated in NPCs isolated from control and HBV-persistent mice. Therefore, STING agonists modulate immune activation regardless of HBV persistence, paving the way toward a CHB therapy.
- MeSH
- Cytokines metabolism MeSH
- Hepatitis B * drug therapy MeSH
- Hepatocytes MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine * MeSH
- Interferons metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA human virus that causes persistent infections with recurrent outbreaks. HSV exists in two forms: HSV-1, responsible for oral herpes, and HSV-2, primarily causing genital herpes. Both types can lead to significant complications, including neurological issues. Conventional treatment, involving acyclovir and its derivatives, faces challenges due to drug resistance. This underscores the imperative for continual research and development of new drugs, with a particular emphasis on exploring the potential of natural antivirals. Flavonoids have demonstrated promise in combating various viruses, including those within the herpesvirus family. This review, delving into recent studies, reveals the intricate mechanisms by which flavonoids decode their antiviral capabilities against HSV. By disrupting key stages of the viral life cycle, such as attachment to host cells, entry, DNA replication, latency, and reactivation, flavonoids emerge as formidable contenders in the ongoing battle against HSV infections.
- MeSH
- Antiviral Agents pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Flavonoids pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Herpes Simplex * drug therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Human * physiology MeSH
- Life Cycle Stages MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
PURPOSE: The combination of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and pembrolizumab previously demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and an encouraging complete response rate (CRR) in patients with advanced melanoma in a phase Ib study. We report the efficacy and safety from a phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, international study of T-VEC plus pembrolizumab (T-VEC-pembrolizumab) versus placebo plus pembrolizumab (placebo-pembrolizumab) in patients with advanced melanoma. METHODS: Patients with stage IIIB-IVM1c unresectable melanoma, naïve to antiprogrammed cell death protein-1, were randomly assigned 1:1 to T-VEC-pembrolizumab or placebo-pembrolizumab. T-VEC was administered at ≤ 4 × 106 plaque-forming unit (PFU) followed by ≤ 4 × 108 PFU 3 weeks later and once every 2 weeks until dose 5 and once every 3 weeks thereafter. Pembrolizumab was administered intravenously 200 mg once every 3 weeks. The dual primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) per modified RECIST 1.1 by blinded independent central review and overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included objective response rate per mRECIST, CRR, and safety. Here, we report the primary analysis for PFS, the second preplanned interim analysis for OS, and the final analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 692 patients were randomly assigned (346 T-VEC-pembrolizumab and 346 placebo-pembrolizumab). T-VEC-pembrolizumab did not significantly improve PFS (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.04; P = .13) or OS (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.22; P = .74) compared with placebo-pembrolizumab. The objective response rate was 48.6% for T-VEC-pembrolizumab (CRR 17.9%) and 41.3% for placebo-pembrolizumab (CRR 11.6%); the durable response rate was 42.2% and 34.1% for the arms, respectively. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 20.7% of patients in the T-VEC-pembrolizumab arm and in 19.5% of patients in the placebo-pembrolizumab arm. CONCLUSION: T-VEC-pembrolizumab did not significantly improve PFS or OS compared with placebo-pembrolizumab. Safety results of the T-VEC-pembrolizumab combination were consistent with the safety profiles of each agent alone.
- MeSH
- Double-Blind Method MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Human * MeSH
- Melanoma * drug therapy MeSH
- Oncolytic Virotherapy * methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Clinical Trial, Phase I MeSH
- Clinical Trial, Phase III MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
- MeSH
- Hepacivirus physiology genetics pathogenicity MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine physiology genetics pathogenicity MeSH
- Deltaretrovirus Infections genetics MeSH
- Human Papillomavirus Viruses physiology genetics pathogenicity MeSH
- Cell Line, Tumor classification virology MeSH
- Oncogenic Viruses * growth & development MeSH
- Transformation, Genetic MeSH
- Cell Transformation, Viral MeSH
- Hepatitis B virus physiology genetics pathogenicity MeSH
We report a case of monkeypox and herpes simplex type 2 coinfection in an HIV-positive male patient who has sex with men. This case report describes a diagnostic approach for papular rash in the anal area of the male patient who has sex with men with a history of sexually transmitted disease. This is also the first documented case of monkeypox in the Czech Republic, which was confirmed after a retrospective review of swab samples from a previously hospitalized HIV-positive patient.
- MeSH
- Herpes Simplex * complications diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- HIV Infections * complications MeSH
- HIV Seropositivity * complications MeSH
- Coinfection * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 2, Human MeSH
- Mpox, Monkeypox * complications MeSH
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases * etiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are large DNA viruses with highly infectious characteristics. HHVs can induce lytic and latent infections in their host, and most of these viruses are neurotropic, with the capacity to generate severe and chronic neurological diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Treatment of HHV infections based on strategies that include natural products-derived drugs is one of the most rapidly developing fields of modern medicine. Therefore, in this paper, we lend insights into the recent advances that have been achieved during the past five years in utilizing flavonoids as promising natural drugs for the treatment of HHVs infections of the nervous system such as alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2, and varicella-zoster virus), beta-herpesviruses (human cytomegalovirus), and gamma-herpesviruses (Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus). The neurological complications associated with infections induced by the reviewed herpesviruses are emphasized. Additionally, this work covers all possible mechanisms and pathways by which flavonoids induce promising therapeutic actions against the above-mentioned herpesviruses.
- MeSH
- Central Nervous System MeSH
- Flavonoids pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Herpesviridae Infections * drug therapy MeSH
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Human * genetics MeSH
- Herpesvirus 4, Human genetics MeSH
- Herpesvirus 3, Human genetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenicity MeSH
- Acitretin administration & dosage MeSH
- Acyclovir therapeutic use MeSH
- Biopsy MeSH
- Corynebacterium pathogenicity MeSH
- Darier Disease * diagnosis complications pathology MeSH
- Erythema etiology MeSH
- Foscarnet administration & dosage MeSH
- Fever etiology MeSH
- Hydrocortisone administration & dosage MeSH
- Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption etiology drug therapy pathology virology MeSH
- Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogenicity MeSH
- Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Resistance MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Human pathogenicity MeSH
- Meropenem administration & dosage MeSH
- Treatment Failure MeSH
- Oxacillin therapeutic use MeSH
- Pneumonia etiology complications virology MeSH
- Disease Progression MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Praktičtí lékaři se velmi často setkávají s pacienty s opakovanými projevy nemocí, které jsou označovány jako nemoci z nachlazení, které mají u některých pacientů tendenci se vracet nebo je jejich průběh protrahovaný. Součástí běžné praxe jsou i pacienti s recidivujícími herpetickými výsevy, pacienti s častými angínami, záněty průdušek či urologickými potížemi. U řady pacientů bývá obvykle velmi častým steskem výrazná únava, subfebrilie, nespecifické bolesti kloubů a svalů nebo projevy uzlinového syndromu. Na tomto stavu se mohou podílet virová, bakteriální či mykotická agens, ale i charakter životosprávy a psychosomatika. Recidivující infekce také mohou být příznakem závažných imunodeficiencí. V dospělém věku je třeba zvážit možnost některé z primárních imunodeficiencí či imunodeficience sekundární, doprovázející pacienty na imunosupresivní léčbě, onkologicky nemocné a další.
General practitioners usually meet patients with recurrent episodes of disorders characterized as common cold disease. These disorders can be seen repeatedly or their course may be prolonged. Repeated herpetic infections, tonsillitis, cough and urologic disorders are also the reason for frequent visits of general practitioners. Typical symptoms include fatigue, fever, non-specific arthralgia or myalgia or enlargement of lymph nodes. Triggers can be viruses, bacterial or fungal infection but also lifestyle and psychosomatic problems. Recurrent infections are also symptoms of immunodeficiency. Primary immunodeficiency as a common variable immunodeficiency can be firstly diagnose at adulthood. Secondary immunodeficiency accompanied more frequently patients with immunosuppressive therapy, oncologic treatment and others.
- MeSH
- Alphapapillomavirus classification pathogenicity MeSH
- Antiviral Agents administration & dosage MeSH
- Autovaccines therapeutic use MeSH
- Bacterial Infections diagnosis etiology drug therapy classification prevention & control MeSH
- Warts etiology drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Herpes Genitalis diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Herpes Labialis diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Herpes Zoster diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Inosine Pranobex administration & dosage MeSH
- Cough etiology drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Human pathogenicity MeSH
- Herpesvirus 2, Human pathogenicity MeSH
- Immune System Diseases diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Recurrence * MeSH
- Rhinitis diagnosis etiology drug therapy classification prevention & control MeSH
- Simplexvirus pathogenicity MeSH
- Vaccines therapeutic use MeSH
- Virus Diseases * diagnosis etiology drug therapy classification MeSH
- Herpesvirus 4, Human pathogenicity MeSH
- Herpesvirus 3, Human pathogenicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
