The study aims to put the social network TikTok into the context of the marketing attractiveness and potential of soccer players in terms of communication range through social networks. Soccer clubs can assess the expenses of gaining additional followers through a purchased player by an evaluation of the market efficiency of individual soccer players' followers. The study also documents positive effects ensuing from the acquisition of further followers thanks to the purchase of such a player including image, connection with fans, global reach, additional external funds through sponsorship and the sale of television rights, loyal fans and other so-called “extra-football qualities”. The study thus brings new perspectives on TikTok, as a network which has so far not been thoroughly researched, in the field of the most popular sport in the world, soccer.
PURPOSE: This study examined (1) whether intense and problematic social media use (SMU) were independently associated with adolescent well-being; (2) whether these associations varied by the country-level prevalence of intense and problematic SMU; and (3) whether differences in the country-level prevalence of intense and problematic SMU were related to differences in mobile Internet access. METHODS: Individual-level data came from 154,981 adolescents (meanage = 13.5) from 29 countries that participated in the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Intense SMU was measured by the time spent on social media, whereas problematic SMU was defined by symptoms of addiction to social media. Mental (life satisfaction and psychological complaints), school (school satisfaction and perceived school pressure), and social (family support and friend support) well-being were assessed. Country-level data came from aggregated individual-level data and data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on Internet access. RESULTS: Two-level regression analyses indicated that in countries with a lower prevalence of intense SMU, intense users reported lower levels of life satisfaction and family support and more psychological complaints than nonintense users. In contrast, in countries with a higher prevalence of intense SMU, intense users reported higher levels of family support and life satisfaction than nonintense users, and similar levels of psychological complaints. In all countries, intense users reported more friend support than nonintense users. The findings regarding problematic SMU were more consistent: In all countries, problematic users reported lower well-being on all domains than nonproblematic users. Observed differences in country-level prevalence rates of intense and problematic SMU could not be explained by mobile Internet access. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents reporting problematic SMU are particularly at risk of lower well-being. In many countries, intense SMU may be a normative adolescent behavior that contributes positively to specific domains of their well-being.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- chování mladistvých * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- duševní zdraví statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- internet MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- návykové chování * MeSH
- osobní uspokojení * MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- sociální média statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- srovnání kultur MeSH
- zdravé chování * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
