Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials is hindered by the high costs of pretreatment and the enzymes. The present study aimed to evaluate whether co-cultivation of four selected cellulolytic fungi yields higher cellulase and xylanase activities compared to the monocultures and to investigate whether the enzymes from the co-cultures yield higher saccharification on selected plant materials without thermo-chemical pretreatment. The fungal isolates, Trichoderma reesei F118, Penicillium javanicum FS7, Talaromyces sp. F113, and Talaromyces pinophilus FM9, were grown as monocultures and binary co-cultures under submerged conditions for 7 days. The cellulase and xylanase activities of the culture filtrates were measured, and the culture filtrates were employed for the saccharification of sugarcane leaves, Guinea grass leaves, and water hyacinth stems and leaves. Total reducing sugars and individual sugars released from each plant material were quantified. The co-culture of Talaromyces sp. F113 with Penicillium javanicum FS7 and of T. reesei F118 with T. pinophilus FM9 produced significantly higher cellulase activities compared to the corresponding monocultures whereas no effect was observed on xylanase activities. Overall, the highest amounts of total reducing sugars and individual sugars were obtained from Guinea grass leaves saccharified with the co-culture of T. reesei F118 with T. pinophilus FM9, yielding 63.5% saccharification. Guinea grass leaves were found to be the most susceptible to enzymatic saccharification without pre-treatment, while water hyacinth stems and leaves were the least. Accordingly, the study suggests that fungal co-cultivation could be a promising approach for the saccharification of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production.
- MeSH
- celulasa * metabolismus MeSH
- endo-1,4-beta-xylanasy metabolismus MeSH
- ethanol metabolismus MeSH
- Hypocreales enzymologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- kokultivační techniky * MeSH
- lignin * metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- Penicillium * enzymologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- Saccharum * mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- Talaromyces * enzymologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Endophytic fungi live inside vegetal tissues without causing damage to the host plant and may provide lead compounds for drug discovery. The co-culture of two or more endophytic fungi can trigger silent gene clusters, which could lead to the isolation of bioactive compounds. In this study, two endophytic strains isolated from Handroanthus impetiginosus leaves, identified as Talaromyces purpurogenus H4 and Phanerochaete sp. H2, were grown in mixed and axenic cultures. The meroterpenoid austin was detected only in the extracts from the mixed culture. Once isolated, austin displayed very interesting trypanocidal activity, with an IC50 value of 36.6 ± 1.2 μg/mL against Trypanosoma cruzi in the epimastigote form. The results obtained highlight the importance of the co-culturing of endophytic fungi to obtain natural bioactive products. The findings also enhance our understanding of the ecological relationships between endophytic fungi.
- MeSH
- endofyty chemie genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- kokultivační techniky MeSH
- listy rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- Phanerochaete chemie genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Tabebuia mikrobiologie MeSH
- Talaromyces chemie genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- terpeny analýza metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- trypanocidální látky analýza metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Trypanosoma cruzi účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
