Previously we have shown that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) are abundantly expressed in the atria of rat hearts. Since arrangement of atria is very heterogeneous, in this work we focused on the precise localization of IP3 receptors in the left atrium, where the gene expression of the type 1 IP3R was the highest. The mRNA levels of the IP3 type 1 receptors in the left atrium, left ventricle and myocytes were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Taqman probe. For precise localization, immunohistochemistry with the antibody against type 1 IP3Rs was performed. The mRNA of type 1 IP3 receptor was more than three times higher in the left atrium than in the left ventricle, as determined by real-time PCR. Expression of the type 1 IP3 receptor mRNA was higher in the atria, especially in parts containing cardiac ganglion cells. The atrial auricles, which are particularly free of ganglion cells, and the ventricles (wall of the right and left ventricle and ventricular septum) contained four to five times less IP3 receptors than atrial samples with ganglia. IP3R type 1 immunoreactivity detected by a confocal microscope attributed the most condensed signal on ganglionic cells, although light immunoreactivity was also seen in cardiomyocytes. These results show that type 1IP3 receptors predominate in intrinsic neuronal ganglia of cardiac atria.

• MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• ganglia parasympatická cytologie   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• inositol-1,4,5-trisfosfát - receptory MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• messenger RNA analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární analýza   genetika   MeSH
• srdce inervace   MeSH
• srdeční síně inervace   MeSH
• vápníkové kanály analýza   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide that belongs to a family of structurally related peptide hormones including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). These hormones are widely distributed in the nervous system, where they act as neurotransmitters. Their biological effects are mediated by specific receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, which have comparable affinity for VIP and PACAP, and PAC1, which binds VIP with 1,000-fold lower affinity than PACAP. Both peptides are involved in autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, where they exert positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and cause coronary vasodilatation. Additionally, PACAP inhibits proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial fibrosis, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension, have been found to be associated with changes in myocardial VIP concentration or with alteration of affinity, density and physiological responsiveness of VIP/PACAP receptors. Application of the peptides or their agonists has beneficial effect in hypertension, heart failure and myocardial fibrosis. Taken together, VIP and PACAP have beneficial effects in various pathological conditions. (c) 2005 Prous Science. All rights reserved.

• MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém metabolismus   MeSH
• cévy inervace   metabolismus   MeSH
• ganglia parasympatická metabolismus   MeSH
• hypofyzární adenylátcyklázu aktivující peptid metabolismus   MeSH
• hypofyzární polypeptid aktivující adenylátcyklasu - receptory typu I metabolismus   MeSH
• kardiotonika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie   metabolismus   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární systém inervace   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   MeSH
• plicní hypertenze etiologie   metabolismus   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• receptory vazoaktivního intestinálního peptidu typu I metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory vazoaktivního intestinálního peptidu typu II metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• srdeční selhání etiologie   metabolismus   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• vazoaktivní intestinální peptid metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vazodilatace účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH