Alginate lyases have countless potential for application in industries and medicine particularly as an appealing biocatalyst for the production of biofuels and bioactive oligosaccharides. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) allows improved production of enzymes and consumes less energy compared to submerged fermentation. Seaweeds can serve as the most promising biomass for the production of biochemicals. Alginate present in the seaweed can be used by alginate lyase-producing bacteria to support growth and can secrete alginate lyase. In this perspective, the current study was directed on the bioprocessing of brown seaweeds for the production of alginate lyase using marine bacterial isolate. A novel alginate-degrading marine bacterium Enterobacter tabaci RAU2C which was previously isolated in the laboratory was used for the production of alginate lyase using Sargassum swartzii as a low-cost solid substrate. Process parameters such as inoculum incubation period and moisture content were optimized for alginate lyase production. SSF resulted in 33.56 U/mL of alginate lyase under the static condition maintained with 75% moisture after 4 days. Further, the effect of different buffers, pH, and temperature on alginate lyase activity was also analyzed. An increase in alginate lyase activity was observed with an increase in moisture content from 60 to 75%. Maximum enzyme activity was perceived with phosphate buffer at pH 7 and 37 °C. Further, the residual biomass after SSF could be employed as biofertilizer for plant growth promotion based on the preliminary analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report stating the usage of seaweed biomass as a substrate for the production of alginate lyase using solid-state fermentation.
- MeSH
- Alginates * metabolism MeSH
- Biomass MeSH
- Enterobacter * metabolism enzymology isolation & purification growth & development MeSH
- Fermentation * MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Glucuronic Acid metabolism MeSH
- Seaweed * microbiology MeSH
- Phaeophyceae microbiology MeSH
- Polysaccharide-Lyases * metabolism MeSH
- Sargassum * microbiology metabolism MeSH
- Temperature MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
AIM: We investigated the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of an ethanol crude extract of Red Sea brown alga (Hormophysa cuneiformis) from Egypt. METHODS: Extraction was achieved by mixing 100 g of sample powder with absolute ethanol, incubating at 37 °C overnight in a shaking incubator, and then collecting the extract. The extract's antimicrobial activity was tested using a well diffusion assay against the tested pathogens (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) in comparison to commercial antibiotics. Anticancer activity was assessed using MTT assay on MCF-7, HepG-2, and HEP-2 cell lines. The anticancer mechanism of action against the HepG-2 cell line was investigated using cell cycle analysis, Annexin V, and antioxidant enzymes, in addition to transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: GC-MS phytoconstituent profile of the extract was dominant with fatty acids. A broad antimicrobial effect against all the pathogenic isolates of E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtitles, and C. albicans was demonstrated, especially at the high concentration in comparison to commercial antibiotics. The extract could inhibit the growth of the tested cell lines. We observed the most significant effect on HepG-2 cells, and the concentration of the extract played a role in the level of inhibition (IC50 of 44.6 ± 0.6 μg/ml). The extract had negligible effects on Vero normal cell lines at the lower concentration, with slight toxicity (90.8% viability) at the highest concentration (500 μg/ml). At this same concentration, the extract caused 80-92% inhibition of the cancer cell lines. The extract appears to have demonstrated promising effects on cancer cells. It induces programmed cell death (apoptosis), arrests the cell cycle, and affects the oxidative/antioxidant balance within the cells, potentially leading to the suppression or elimination of cancer cells. These findings are encouraging and may have implications for cancer treatment or further research in this area. More action of extract was seen against bacteria than fungi, with a wide antibacterial impact against all of the tested isolates, notably at the high concentration in comparison to conventional antibiotics. CONCLUSION: According to the findings, H. cuneiformis may be a valuable source of chemicals that are both antimicrobial and anticancer.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Anti-Infective Agents * pharmacology analysis MeSH
- Antioxidants pharmacology MeSH
- Candida albicans MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- Ethanol pharmacology MeSH
- Phaeophyceae * MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The identification of compounds which protect the double-membrane of mitochondrial organelles from disruption by toxic confomers of amyloid proteins may offer a therapeutic strategy to combat human neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we exploited an extract from the marine brown seaweed Padina pavonica (PPE) as a vital source of natural bioactive compounds to protect mitochondrial membranes against insult by oligomeric aggregates of the amyloidogenic proteins amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein (α-syn) and tau, which are currently considered to be major targets for drug discovery in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We show that PPE manifested a significant inhibitory effect against swelling of isolated mitochondria exposed to the amyloid oligomers, and attenuated the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Using cardiolipin-enriched synthetic lipid membranes, we also show that dye leakage from fluorophore-loaded vesicles and formation of channel-like pores in planar bilayer membranes are largely prevented by incubating the oligomeric aggregates with PPE. Lastly, we demonstrate that PPE curtails the ability of Aβ42 and α-syn monomers to self-assemble into larger β-aggregate structures, as well as potently disrupts their respective amyloid fibrils. In conclusion, the mito-protective and anti-aggregator biological activities of Padina pavonica extract may be of therapeutic value in neurodegenerative proteinopathies, such as AD and PD.
- MeSH
- alpha-Synuclein metabolism toxicity MeSH
- Amyloid beta-Peptides metabolism toxicity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lipid Bilayers chemistry MeSH
- Mitochondrial Membranes drug effects pathology MeSH
- Seaweed chemistry MeSH
- Neuroprotective Agents chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Peptide Fragments metabolism toxicity MeSH
- Cell Membrane Permeability drug effects MeSH
- Phaeophyceae chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The effects of the short-term application of Ascophyllum nodosum-fermented seaweed fertilizer on the bacterial community, soil nitrogen contents, and plant growth in maize rhizosphere soil were evaluated. The changes in the bacterial community composition and nitrogen contents including those of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) in rhizosphere soils in response to treatment with seaweed fertilizer were determined. Furthermore, soil enzymatic activity and crop biomass were analyzed. The relative abundance of the dominant phyla varied regularly with fertilization, and bacterial α-diversity was apparently influenced by seaweed fertilizer amendment. The TN contents of all soil samples decreased gradually, and the NO3--N and NH4+-N contents of the soils treated with seaweed fertilizer were much higher than those of the control soils. Similarly, the enzymatic activities of dehydrogenase, nitrite reductase, urease, and cellulase in the soil were significantly increased on day 3, day 8, and day 13 after the application of seaweed fertilizer to the maize rhizosphere soil. However, there was no difference in the activity of soil sucrase between the treatment group and the control group. In this study, the growth of maize seedlings was confirmed to be greatly promoted by the utilization of seaweed fertilizer. These results deepen our understanding of plant-microbe interactions in agroecosystems and should benefit the wide use of seaweed fertilizer in sustainable agricultural production.
- MeSH
- Ascophyllum chemistry MeSH
- Bacteria classification MeSH
- Biomass MeSH
- Nitrogen analysis MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Zea mays growth & development microbiology MeSH
- Microbiota * MeSH
- Seaweed chemistry MeSH
- Fertilizers analysis MeSH
- Soil chemistry MeSH
- Soil Microbiology MeSH
- Rhizosphere * MeSH
- Plant Development MeSH
- Agriculture methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Bioactive compounds such as karrikinolide (KAR1 from smoke) and eckol (from the seaweed Ecklonia maxima) show promising effects on several important crop plants. These plant growth-stimulating organic biomolecules, along with crude extracts (smoke-water and Kelpak® product prepared from Ecklonia maxima), were tested on spinach plants. Eckol sprayed at 10-6 M significantly increased all the growth and biochemical parameters examined compared to control spinach plants. All tested plant growth biostimulants significantly increased total chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein content of spinach leaves. The cytokinin profile of spinach plants was also determined. Cis-zeatin, dihydrozeatin and isopentenyladenine types of cytokinins were promoted by both smoke- and seaweed-based biostimulants. In comparison to the control plants, the level of free sinapic acid was greater in all spinach plants treated with these biostimulants. The application of these biostimulants can help spinach crop by improving growth, yield and nutritional quality; moreover, they are organic and cost-effective.
- MeSH
- Cytokinins metabolism MeSH
- Dioxins isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Furans isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Hydroxybenzoates metabolism MeSH
- Smoke analysis MeSH
- Seaweed chemistry MeSH
- Phaeophyceae chemistry MeSH
- Pyrans isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Plant Growth Regulators isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Spinacia oleracea drug effects growth & development metabolism MeSH
- Crops, Agricultural drug effects growth & development metabolism MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Low molecular weight mannogalactofucans (LMMGFs) prepared by enzymatic degradation of high molecular weight Undaria galactofucan (MF) were evaluated for their anti-cancer effects against human prostate cancer. Correlation NMR and linkage analyses confirmed that LMMGFs consist mainly of α-fucose and β-galactose units: α-fucose units are 1,3-linked; β-galactose units are terminal, 1,3- and/or 1,6-linked; both sugars are partially sulphated, fucose at positions O-2 and/or O-4 and galactose at O-3. Mannose residue, as a minor sugar, presents as the 1,4-linked terminal units. LMMGFs more significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and cell death via suppression of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway than MF in human PC-3 prostate cancer cells. LMMGFs upregulated mRNA expression of death receptor-5 (DR-5), the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, the cleavage of caspases and PARP, the depolarisation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS generation. LMMGFs (200-400 mg/kg) effectively reduced both tumour volume and size in a xenografted mouse model. These results demonstrated that LMMGFs attenuate the growth of human prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that LMMGFs can be used as a potent functional ingredient in health-beneficial foods or as a therapeutic agent to prevent or treat androgen-independent human prostate cancer. Graphical Abstract.
- MeSH
- Apoptosis drug effects MeSH
- beta Catenin metabolism MeSH
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta metabolism MeSH
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects MeSH
- RNA, Messenger genetics MeSH
- Molecular Weight MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Prostatic Neoplasms drug therapy metabolism MeSH
- Polysaccharides chemistry pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Undaria chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Keywords
- Tirovin,
- MeSH
- Fucus MeSH
- Hypothyroidism diet therapy MeSH
- Iodine therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Copper therapeutic use MeSH
- Dietary Supplements MeSH
- Pyridoxine therapeutic use MeSH
- Thyrotropin MeSH
- Thyroxine MeSH
- Triiodothyronine MeSH
- Tyrosine therapeutic use MeSH
- Zinc therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
The extraction of phenolic compounds from 4 different sea algae samples, three brown algae (Cystoseira abies-marina, C. abies-marina grinded under cryogenic conditions with liquid nitrogen, Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum muticum) and one red algae (Chondrus crispus) via solid phase extraction using micro-elution solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) plate method was studied. Prior to μ-SPE, 50mg of algae with 80% methanol mixture was extracted in hyphenated series by various extraction techniques, such as pressurized liquid extraction and Ika Ultra-Turrax(®) Tube Drive, in combination with ultrasound assisted extraction. The μ-SPE plate technique reduced the time of sample pre-treatment thanks to higher sensitivity and pre-concentration effect. Selected groups of benzoic acid derivatives (p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, gallic, vanillic, and syringic acids), hydroxybenzaldehydes (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde), and cinnamic acid derivatives (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, and chlorogenic acids) were determined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection with negative ion electrospray ionization (RRLC-ESI-MS) using multiple reactions monitoring. LOQs of measured samples varied in the range 0.23-1.68ng/mL and LODs in the range 0.07-0.52ng/mL. The applied method allowed a simultaneous determination of phenolics (i.e. free, esters soluble in methanol, glycosides, and esters insoluble in methanol) in less than 5min (including alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of raw extracts) from sea algae extracts.
S použitím metody plynové chromatografie-hmotnostní spektrometrie byl ve stélkách chaluhy bublinaté (Fucus vesiculosus) stanoven obsah 28 karboxylových kyselin. Převládají kyselina palmitová, šťavelová a jablečná. Ve stélkách řasy Padina pavonica bylo zjištěno 27 karboxylových kyselin. Převládají kyselina palmitová, šťavelová a olejová.
Using the gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method, the content of 28 carboxylic acids was determined in the thalli of Fucus vesiculosus, palmitic, oxalic and malic acids predominating. In the thalli of Padina pavonica, the content of 27 carboxylic acids was determined. Palmitic, oxalic and oleic acids prevail.
