Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. In inflammation, autoimmunity, and after transplantation, myeloid cells have contrasting roles: on the one hand they initiate the immune response, promoting activation and expansion of effector T-cells, and on the other, they counter-regulate inflammation, maintain tissue homeostasis, and promote tolerance. The latter activities are mediated by several myeloid cells including polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and dendritic cells. Since these cells have been associated with immune suppression and tolerance, they will be further referred to as myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs). In recent years, MRCs have emerged as a therapeutic target or have been regarded as a potential cellular therapeutic product for tolerance induction. However, several open questions must be addressed to enable the therapeutic application of MRCs including: how do they function at the site of inflammation, how to best target these cells to modulate their activities, and how to isolate or to generate pure populations for adoptive cell therapies. In this review, we will give an overview of the current knowledge on MRCs in inflammation, autoimmunity, and transplantation. We will discuss current strategies to target MRCs and to exploit their tolerogenic potential as a cell-based therapy.

• MeSH
• autoimunita * MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• homeostáza * MeSH
• homologní transplantace MeSH
• imunofenotypizace MeSH
• imunologická tolerance * MeSH
• imunomodulace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrofágy imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• monocyty imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• myeloidní buňky imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
• neutrofily imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty - podskupiny imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• transplantace orgánů MeSH
• zánět etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH