"19-00742S" Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Continuous flow electrophoretic separation with continuous sample loading provides the advantage of processing volumes of any sizes, as well as the benefit of a real-time monitoring and optimization of the separation process. In addition, the spatial separation of the sample enables collecting multiple separated components simultaneously and in a continuous manner. The separation is usually performed in mild buffers without organic solvents and detergents (sample biological activity is retained) and it is carried out without usage of a solid support in the separation space preventing the interaction of the sample with it (high sample recovery). The method is used for the separation of proteins/peptides in proteomic applications, and its great applicability is to the separation of the cells, cellular organelles, vesicles, membrane fragments, and DNA. This review focuses on the electrophoretic separation performed in a continuous flow and it describes various electrophoretic modes and instrumental setups. Recent developments in methodology and instrumentation, the integration with other techniques, and the application to the biological sample analysis are discussed as well.
Effects of different factors on the content of phenolics, anthocyanins, antioxidants and colour parameters in two varieties of Aronia and three varieties of Saskatoon berries were evaluated. The berries were extracted by dynamic solvent extraction using three different solvents (water, 50% ethanol (v/v) and dimethyl sulfoxide) and subsequently analysed by ultraviolet visible near infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance followed by chemometric analysis. The results obtained show that, dimethyl sulfoxide was the most appropriate for berries functional components isolation, and among the studied berries, Aronia exhibited the highest contents of phenolics. Besides that, varieties of Aronia melanocarpa Viking and of Amelanchier lamarckii Ballerina were selected as the cultivars with high contents of functional components. Satisfactory differentiation of berries was achieved according to extraction solvent, fruit type, variety and production years. The results obtained reveal that, phytochemical composition of Aronia and Saskatoon berries may vary depending on genotypic factors, climate, growing conditions as well as on extraction method used for their assessment. Sample processing, genotypic and seasonal factors had significant effect on the concentration of naturally occurring compounds in berries.
- MeSH
- anthokyaniny MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- Photinia * MeSH
- Rosaceae * MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Over half a century ago, Wiehe and Bagley suggested that a product of the internal pressure and molar volume of a liquid measures the energy of nonspecific intermolecular interactions whereas the cohesive energy reflects the total energy of intermolecular interactions in the liquid. This conjecture, however, has never been considered in connection with near and supercritical fluids. In this contribution, the cohesive energy density, internal pressure and their ratios are calculated from high precision equations of state for eight important fluids including water. To secure conformity to the principle of corresponding states when comparing different fluids, the calculations are carried out along the line defined by equality between the reduced temperature and the reduced pressure of the fluid (Tr = Pr). The results provide additional illustration of the tunability of the solvent properties of water that stands apart from those of other near and supercritical fluids in common use. In addition, an overview is also presented of the derivatives of cohesive energy density, solubility parameter and internal pressure with respect to temperature, pressure and molar volume.
- MeSH
- rozpouštědla chemie MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- superkritická fluidní chromatografie metody MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
