The exposure of naked unprotected skin to solar radiation may result in numerous acute and chronic undesirable effects. Evidence suggests that silymarin, a standardized extract from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. seeds, and its major component silybin suppress UVB-induced skin damage. Here, we aimed to investigate the UVA-protective effects of silymarin's less abundant flavonolignans, specifically isosilybin (ISB), silychristin (SC), silydianin (SD), and 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHSB). Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) pre-treated for 1 h with flavonolignans were then exposed to UVA light using a solar simulator. Their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonylated proteins and glutathione (GSH) level, caspase-3 activity, single-strand breaks' (SSBs) formation and protein level of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and heat shock protein (HSP70) were evaluated. The most pronounced preventative potential was found for DHSB, a minor component of silymarin, and SC, the second most abundant flavonolignan in silymarin. They had significant effects on most of the studied parameters. Meanwhile, a photoprotective effect of SC was mostly found at double the concentration of DHSB. ISB and SD protected against GSH depletion, the generation of ROS, carbonylated proteins and SSBs, and caspase-3 activation, but had no significant effect on MMP-1, HO-1, or HSP70. In summary, DHSB and to a lesser extent other silymarin flavonolignans are potent UVA-protective compounds. However, due to the in vitro phototoxic potential of DHSB published elsewhere, further studies are needed to exclude phototoxicity for humans as well as to confirm our results on human skin ex vivo and in vivo.

• MeSH
• cytoprotekce účinky léků   MeSH
• fibroblasty účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• hemoxygenasa-1 metabolismus   MeSH
• jednořetězcové zlomy DNA účinky záření   MeSH
• karbonylace proteinů účinky záření   MeSH
• kaspasa 3 metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kůže účinky záření   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• přípravky chránící proti slunci farmakologie   MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• silymarin analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Silybum marianum (L.) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in treatment of liver disorders. In last decades, silymarin (SM), a standardized extract from S. marianum seeds has been studied for its dermatological application, namely for UVB-protective properties. However, information on SM and its polyphenols effect on activity of enzymes participating in the (photo)aging process is limited. Therefore, evaluation of SM and its flavonolignans potential to inhibit collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase in tube tests was the goal of this study. The antioxidant and UV screening properties of SM and its flavonolignans silybin, isosilybin, silydianin, silychristin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHSB) were also evaluated by a DPPH assay and spectrophotometrical measurement. DHSB showed the highest ability to scavenge DPPH radical and also revealed the highest UVA protection factor (PF-UVA) that corresponds with its absorption spectrum. SM and studied flavonolignans were found to exhibit anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activity. The most potent flavonolignan was DHSB. None of studied flavonolignans or SM showed anti-hyaluronidase activity. Our results suggest that SM and its flavonolignans may be useful agents for skin protection against the harmful effects of full-spectrum solar radiation including slowing down skin (photo)aging.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• flavonolignany chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kůže účinky léků   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ostropestřec mariánský chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• silymarin chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Human skin explant (HSE) seems to be a useful model for dermatological/cosmetic testing. HSE prepared from donor superfluous skin from plastic surgery operations is cheap and easily obtainable compared to reconstructed models. The HSE use, however, may be limited by the degeneration processes during cultivation. The aim was to monitor changes in metabolic activity and selected apoptotic, inflammatory and antioxidant parameters during 7 day cultivation. The significant changes were found in the superoxide dismutase-2 level from day 5, glutathione S-reductase level from day 6, metabolic activity and fibulin-5 level from day 4, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 from day 1 to 2. Other selected markers (lipid peroxidation products and glutathione level, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-reductase activity, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-reductase levels) were not modified significantly due to high inter-individual variability of skin donors. The HSE microstructure as well as cytokeratin-10 and proliferation marker Ki67 expression was also only minimally affected during cultivation. Collectively, the results demonstrate that HSE represents a good model for short-term studies focused on the physical and chemical agent toxicity, protective potential of compounds or metabolic biotransformation. However, reduced metabolic activity, increased inflammation and the high inter-individual variability and sensitivity of donors have to be taken into consideration.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 2 metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-6 metabolismus   MeSH
• kůže * imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• techniky tkáňových kultur metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH