Meiotic chromosome segregation relies on programmed DNA double-strand break induction. These are in turn repaired by homologous recombination, generating physical attachments between the parental chromosomes called crossovers. A subset of breaks yields recombinant outcomes, while crossover-independent mechanisms repair the majority of lesions. The balance between different repair pathways is crucial to ensure genome integrity. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans BRC-1/BRCA1-BRD-1/BARD1 and PARG-1/PARG form a complex in vivo, essential for accurate DNA repair in the germline. Simultaneous depletion of BRC-1 and PARG-1 causes synthetic lethality due to reduced crossover formation and impaired break repair, evidenced by hindered RPA-1 removal and presence of aberrant chromatin bodies in diakinesis nuclei, whose formation depends on spo-11 function. These factors undergo a similar yet independent loading in developing oocytes, consistent with operating in different pathways. Abrogation of KU- or Theta-mediated end joining elicits opposite effects in brc-1; parg-1 doubles, suggesting a profound impact in influencing DNA repair pathway choice by BRC-1-PARG-1. Importantly, lack of PARG-1 catalytic activity suppresses untimely accumulation of RAD-51 foci in brc-1 mutants but is only partially required for fertility. Our data show that BRC-1/BRD-1-PARG-1 joint function is essential for genome integrity in meiotic cells by regulating multiple DNA repair pathways.

• MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans genetika   MeSH
• DNA vazebné proteiny * metabolismus   MeSH
• dvouřetězcové zlomy DNA MeSH
• gametogeneze MeSH
• meióza MeSH
• oprava DNA * MeSH
• proteiny aktivující GTPasu * metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

A series of benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one derivatives were synthesized from readily available 1-phenyl- and 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ols by sequentially employing O-acylation, Fries rearrangement and potassium carbonate-induced cyclization. The anthelmintic properties of the obtained compounds were investigated in vivo in a model nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Five compounds, namely 2-phenyl[1]benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one 33 and its 7-fluoro, 7-chloro-, 7-bromo- and 8-fluoro-analogues, 36, 38, 40 and 43, respectively, altered the development of C. elegans. While the activities of 33 and 43 were rather modest, compounds 36, 38 and 40 inhibited the growth of the worms at concentrations of approximately 1-3 µM. At these concentrations, the compounds did not kill the worms, but they strongly inhibited their development, with the majority of larvae never progressing past the L1 stage. Moreover, testing in non-cancer human cell lines showed that, with exception of 7-bromo derivative 40, the active compounds have favourable toxicity profiles.

• MeSH
• anthelmintika chemická syntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans účinky léků   MeSH
• cyklizace účinky léků   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pyrazoly chemie   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a reversible post-translational modification synthetized by ADP-ribose transferases and removed by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), which plays important roles in DNA damage repair. While well-studied in somatic tissues, much less is known about poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the germline, where DNA double-strand breaks are introduced by a regulated program and repaired by crossover recombination to establish a tether between homologous chromosomes. The interaction between the parental chromosomes is facilitated by meiotic specific adaptation of the chromosome axes and cohesins, and reinforced by the synaptonemal complex. Here, we uncover an unexpected role for PARG in coordinating the induction of meiotic DNA breaks and their homologous recombination-mediated repair in Caenorhabditis elegans. PARG-1/PARG interacts with both axial and central elements of the synaptonemal complex, REC-8/Rec8 and the MRN/X complex. PARG-1 shapes the recombination landscape and reinforces the tightly regulated control of crossover numbers without requiring its catalytic activity. We unravel roles in regulating meiosis, beyond its enzymatic activity in poly(ADP-ribose) catabolism.

• MeSH
• buněčné jádro metabolismus   MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA metabolismus   MeSH
• dvouřetězcové zlomy DNA * MeSH
• glykosidhydrolasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• oprava DNA fyziologie   MeSH
• poly-ADP-ribosylace MeSH
• polyadenosindifosfátribosa metabolismus   MeSH
• posttranslační úpravy proteinů MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zárodečné buňky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

The age-associated deterioration in cellular and organismal functions associates with dysregulation of nutrient-sensing pathways and disabled autophagy. The reactivation of autophagic flux may prevent or ameliorate age-related metabolic dysfunctions. Non-toxic compounds endowed with the capacity to reduce the overall levels of protein acetylation and to induce autophagy have been categorized as caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs). Here, we show that aspirin or its active metabolite salicylate induce autophagy by virtue of their capacity to inhibit the acetyltransferase activity of EP300. While salicylate readily stimulates autophagic flux in control cells, it fails to further increase autophagy levels in EP300-deficient cells, as well as in cells in which endogenous EP300 has been replaced by salicylate-resistant EP300 mutants. Accordingly, the pro-autophagic activity of aspirin and salicylate on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is lost when the expression of the EP300 ortholog cpb-1 is reduced. Altogether, these findings identify aspirin as an evolutionary conserved CRM.

• MeSH
• acetylkoenzym A metabolismus   MeSH
• Aspirin farmakologie   MeSH
• autofagie účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• kalorická restrikce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolom účinky léků   MeSH
• metabolomika MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• protein p300 asociovaný s E1A metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH