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Gambling encompasses a wide variety of activities, and the structural characteristics of each form contribute to its potential risk. However, the literature does not fully agree on the risk levels of certain gambling forms. In this study, we classify less risky gambling forms (soft forms) based on public perceptions of their riskiness. We examine the link between gambling experience and problem gambling prevalence. A survey was conducted in a model region of the Czech Republic, a post-socialist country with high gambling availability, with N = 2,498 respondents. A typology of gambling forms (lotteries, betting, and casino games) was created based on perceived risk similarities. Lotteries are the most frequently played gambling form, with 86.3% reporting lifetime participation. Among those who exclusively engage in lottery-type forms, 15 percentage points more women than men participated in the last year, and the gap widens to 31 points over a lifetime. Forms of gambling perceived as more risky show a lower proportion of non-problem gamblers, both for recent and lifetime participation. Furthermore, individuals who gambled within the past month or year are at higher risk of developing gambling problems compared to those whose gambling experiences were less recent.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hráčství * psychologie klasifikace epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- návykové chování * psychologie epidemiologie klasifikace MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- riskování * MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, highly structured, and dynamic ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in the progression of both primary and metastatic tumors. Precise assessment of the dynamic spatiotemporal features of the TME is crucial for understanding cancer evolution and designing effective therapeutic strategies. Cancer is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease, influenced not only by the TME, but also by a multitude of systemic factors, including whole-body metabolism, gut microbiome, endocrine signaling, and circadian rhythm. In this review, we summarize the intrinsic, extrinsic, and systemic factors contributing to the formation of 'cold' tumors within the framework of the cancer-immunity cycle. Correspondingly, we discuss potential strategies for converting 'cold' tumors into 'hot' ones to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
- MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí * imunologie MeSH
- nádory * patologie terapie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the three most essential micronutrients which play major roles in plant survivability by being a structural or non-structural component of the cell. Plants acquire these nutrients from soil in the fixed (NO3 ̄, NH4+) and solubilized forms (K+, H2PO4- and HPO42-). In soil, the fixed and solubilized forms of nutrients are unavailable or available in bare minimum amounts; therefore, agrochemicals were introduced. Agrochemicals, mined from the deposits or chemically prepared, have been widely used in the agricultural farms over the decades for the sake of higher production of the crops. The excessive use of agrochemicals has been found to be deleterious for humans, as well as the environment. In the environment, agrochemical usage resulted in soil acidification, disturbance of microbial ecology, and eutrophication of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. A solution to such devastating agro-input was found to be substituted by macronutrients-availing microbiomes. Macronutrients-availing microbiomes solubilize and fix the insoluble form of nutrients and convert them into soluble forms without causing any significant harm to the environment. Microbes convert the insoluble form to the soluble form of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) through different mechanisms such as fixation, solubilization, and chelation. The microbiomes having capability of fixing and solubilizing nutrients contain some specific genes which have been reported in diverse microbial species surviving in different niches. In the present review, the biodiversity, mechanism of action, and genomics of different macronutrients-availing microbiomes are presented.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * metabolismus genetika klasifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- biotechnologie * MeSH
- draslík metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- fosfor metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny MeSH
- zemědělství MeSH
- živiny * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) still has a relatively high complication rate, underscoring the importance of high-quality training. Despite existing guidelines, real-world data on training conditions remain limited. This pan-European survey aims to systematically explore the perceptions surrounding ERCP training. METHODS: A survey was distributed through the friends of United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Young Talent Group network to physicians working in a UEG member or associated states who regularly performed ERCPs. RESULTS: Of 1035 respondents from 35 countries, 649 were eligible for analysis: 228 trainees, 225 trainers, and 196 individuals who regularly performed ERCP but were neither trainees nor trainers. The mean age was 43 years, with 72.1% identifying as male, 27.6% as female, and 0.3% as non-binary. The majority (80.1%) agreed that a structured training regimen is desirable. However, only 13.7% of trainees and 28.4% of trainers reported having such a structured program in their institutions. Most respondents (79.7%) supported the concept of concentrating training in centers meeting specific quality metrics, with 64.1% suggesting a threshold of 200 annual ERCPs as a prerequisite. This threshold revealed that 36.4% of trainees pursued training in lower-volume centers performing <200 ERCPs annually. As many as 70.1% of trainees performed <50 annual ERCPs, whereas only 5.0% of trainers performed <50 ERCPs annually. A low individual trainee caseload (<50 ERCPs annually) was more common in lower-volume centers than in higher-volume centers (82.9% vs. 63.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The first pan-European survey investigating ERCP training conditions reveals strong support for structured training and the concentration of training efforts within centers meeting specific quality metrics. Furthermore, this survey exposes the low availability of structured training programs with many trainees practicing at lower-volume centers and 71% of all trainees having little hands-on exposure. These data should motivate to standardize ERCP training conditions further and ultimately improve patient care throughout Europe.
- MeSH
- cholangiopankreatografie endoskopická retrográdní * normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gastroenterologie * výchova MeSH
- klinické kompetence normy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- studium lékařství specializační postgraduální * normy metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Tailocins are nano-scale phage tail-like protein complexes that can mediate antagonistic interactions between closely related bacterial species. While the capacity to produce R-type tailocin was found widely across Gammaproteobacteria, the production of F-type tailocins seems comparatively rare. In this study, we examined the freshwater isolate, Pragia fontium 24613, which can produce both R- and F-type tailocins. We investigated their inhibition spectrum, focusing on clinically relevant enterobacteria, and identified the associated tailocin gene cluster. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that inactivation of the tape measure protein within the tailocin cluster disrupted R-tailocin production. Comparative analysis of Budviciaceae gene clusters showed high conservation of R-type tailocin genes, whereas F-type tailocin genes were found in only a few species, with little conservation. Our findings indicate a high prevalence of bacteriocin production among underexplored Enterobacteriales species. Detected tailocins showed potential as antimicrobials targeting clinically significant pathogens.
The COVID-19 Pandemic contributed to accelerating the process of using information and communication technologies and digital technologies in healthcare management and delivery within healthcare systems. At that time, the Czech healthcare system faced the same problems as other European systems and struggled with a temporary limitation of direct provision of healthcare services. It was solved by switching to telemedicine. The Czech healthcare system used telemedicine to a minimal extent until then. Despite adopting the law on healthcare digitisation, it is still one of the countries with a lower level of digitisation of healthcare processes. The article presents the results of an exploratory expert investigation focused on the implementation and development of telemedicine in the Czech Republic. The conducted research aimed to identify problems related to the implementation of telemedicine in practice, place them in the broader framework of the healthcare system and structure them, propose possible solutions, and identify the future challenges of telemedicine in the Czech Republic. We based our study on the results of a three-phase QUAL-QUAN-QUAL research. Data collection in the first phase took the form of individual semi-structured interviews with patients (25) with practical experience in the field of telemedicine, followed by the second quantitative phase of the questionnaire survey with patients (650). The third qualitative phase included semi-structured interviews with experts (17) with practical experience in telemedicine. The introduction and expansion of telemedicine require several fundamental changes. These include adjustments to the legislative environment and changes to the technological infrastructure, organisation of care and work. Several barriers have been identified at the healthcare system level, healthcare providers, healthcare professionals and patients.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie * MeSH
- poskytování zdravotní péče organizace a řízení MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rozhovory jako téma MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- telemedicína * organizace a řízení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The growth and accumulation of active ingredients of Angelica sinensis were affected by rhizosphere soil microbial communities and soil environmental factors. However, the correlationship between growth and active ingredients and soil biotic and abiotic factors is still unclear. This study explored rhizosphere soil microbial community structures, soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and their effects on the growth and active ingredient contents of A. sinensis in three principal cropping areas. Results indicated that the growth indices, ligustilide, ferulic acid contents, and soil environmental factors varied in cropping areas. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the growth of A. sinensis was affected by organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus; ferulic acid and ligustilide accumulation were related to soil catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities, respectively. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that the genera Mortierella and Conocybe were the dominant fungal communities, and Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Bryobacter, and Lysobacter were the main bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere soil. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Spearman correlation conjoint analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) among the composition of the rhizosphere microbial communities at all three sampling sites. The growth and active ingredient accumulation of A. sinensis not only was significantly susceptible to the bacterial communities of Sphingomonas, Epicoccum, Marivita, Muribaculum, and Gemmatimonas but also were significantly influenced by the fungal communities of Inocybe, Septoria, Tetracladium, and Mortierella (p < 0.05). Our findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the relationship between the growth and active ingredients in A. sinensis and their corresponding rhizosphere soil microbial communities, soil physicochemical properties, and enzyme activities.
- MeSH
- Angelica sinensis * růst a vývoj chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dusík analýza MeSH
- fosfor analýza MeSH
- houby klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- rhizosféra * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
The present study has undertaken the isolation of marine yeasts from mangrove sediment samples and their ability to produce alkaline protease enzymes. A total of 14 yeast isolates were recovered on yeast-malt agar (YMA) and yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) agar medium. After screening for proteolytic activity on skim milk agar, marine yeast isolate, AKB-1 exhibited a hydrolysis zone of 18 mm. Optimal conditions for the enzyme production from yeast isolate AKB-1 were at 30 °C, pH 8, fructose as carbon source, potassium nitrate as nitrogen source, and 25% saline concentration. Under the optimal conditions, the protease enzyme activity of the isolate AKB-1 was observed to be 978 IU/mL. The structural and functional analysis was carried out through FTIR and HPLC analysis for the extracted protease enzyme. Furthermore, the enzyme produced was partially purified by solvent extraction using ethyl acetate and ammonium sulfate precipitation (3.4-fold) followed by dialysis (56.8-fold). The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was observed to be around 60 kDa using SDS-PAGE. The extracted protein showed good antibacterial activity against six different clinical bacterial pathogens and the highest against Bacillus cereus (16 ± 0.5 mm). The extracted protease enzyme was revealed to remove blood stains from cloth within 20 min of application similar to the commercial detergent. The marine yeast isolate was further identified as Candida orthopsilosis AKB-1 (Accession number KY348766) through 18S rRNA sequencing, and a phylogenetic tree was generated.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie metabolismus chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Bacillus cereus účinky léků MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny * chemie farmakologie metabolismus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Candida * enzymologie izolace a purifikace genetika klasifikace MeSH
- endopeptidasy * chemie metabolismus izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- geologické sedimenty mikrobiologie MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- stabilita enzymů MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of clinical exchange programs in postgraduate obgyn training using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)-World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG) One World Exchange (OWE), a clinical exchange program held in France in October 2023, as a case-study. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. A 31-item structured questionnaire designed with Google Forms was electronically distributed to the 51 obgyn postgraduate trainees (OWE fellows) who participated in the OWE, to collect information about the exchange. Collected data was analyzed using IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Statistics for Windows. RESULTS: The survey response rate was 68.6%. The mean age of the respondents was 33.0 ± 4.0 years. Majority of the them were females (26, 74.3%), married (19, 54.3%), at least in their third year of training (30, 85.7%) and from Africa (11, 31.4%). During the period of the exchange program, fellows observed various obstetric and gynecologic procedures, including open and minimal access procedures, with more than one-fifth (8, 22.9%) of them reporting that they were allowed to assist in some of these procedures. The fellows noted salient differences in practice between their exchange hospitals and their home countries. An overwhelming majority (30, 85.7%) of the fellows believed the OWE was beneficial and would positively impact their clinical practices back in their home countries. CONCLUSION: Clinical exchange programs like the OWE provide valuable benefits in improving the clinical knowledge and skills of postgraduate obgyn trainees.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gynekologie * výchova MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezinárodní vzdělávací výměna * MeSH
- porodnictví * výchova MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- společnosti lékařské MeSH
- studium lékařství specializační postgraduální * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Francie MeSH
Yeasts are unicellular fungi that occur in a wide range of ecological niches, where they perform numerous functions. Furthermore, these microorganisms are used in industrial processes, food production, and bioremediation. Understanding the physiological and adaptive characteristics of yeasts is of great importance from ecological, biotechnological, and industrial perspectives. In this context, we evaluated the abilities to assimilate and ferment different carbon sources, to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, and to tolerate salt stress, heavy metal stress, and UV-C radiation of two isolates of Eremothecium coryli, isolated from Momordica indica fruits. The two isolates were molecularly identified based on sequencing of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Our isolates were able to assimilate nine carbon sources (dextrose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, melezitose, and pectin) and ferment three (glucose, maltose, and sucrose). The highest values of cellular dry weight were observed in the sugars maltose, sucrose, and melezitose. We observed the presence of hyphae and pseudohyphae in all assimilated carbon sources. The two isolates were also capable of producing amylase, catalase, pectinase, and proteases, with the highest values of enzymatic activity found in amylase. Furthermore, the two isolates were able to grow in media supplemented with copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc and to tolerate saline stress in media supplemented with 5% NaCl. However, we observed a decrease in CFU at higher concentrations of these metals and NaCl. We also observed morphological changes in the presence of metals, which include changes in cell shape and cellular dimorphisms. The isolates were sensitive to UV-C radiation in the shortest exposure time (1 min). Our findings reinforce the importance of endophytic yeasts for biotechnological and industrial applications and also help to understand how these microorganisms respond to environmental variations caused by human activities.
- MeSH
- endofyty * izolace a purifikace genetika metabolismus fyziologie klasifikace účinky záření MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- fyziologický stres * MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů * MeSH
- ovoce * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Saccharomycetales * izolace a purifikace genetika fyziologie metabolismus účinky záření klasifikace MeSH
- těžké kovy toxicita MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
