1. Giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna is a dangerous parasite, which infects herbivores. It was imported to Europe from North America and started to spread. Benzimidazoles like albendazole, mebendazole, triclabendazole and salicylanilides closantel and rafoxanide are the most used anthelmintics to control fascioloidosis. However their effect might be altered via drug-metabolizing enzymes of this parasite. 2. The aim of our study was to determine the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in F. magna and the metabolism of above mentioned anthelmintics. 3. Activities of several oxidative, reductive and conjugative enzymes towards various model xenobiotic substrates were found in F. magna subcellular fractions. 4. Subcellular fractions from F. magna oxidized albendazole to its sulphoxide metabolite and reduced mebendazole to hydroxyl-mebendazole. Under ex vivo conditions, only very-low concentrations of these compounds were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 5. The results indicate that the giant liver fluke possesses the active xenobiotic-metabolizing system. The overexpression of this system may play an important role in parasite resistance against these anthelmintics.

• MeSH
• albendazol metabolismus   MeSH
• anthelmintika metabolismus   MeSH
• benzimidazoly metabolismus   MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• mebendazol metabolismus   MeSH
• rafoxanid metabolismus   MeSH
• salicylanilidy metabolismus   MeSH
• sulfoxidy metabolismus   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• xenobiotika metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Population structure and genetic interrelationships of giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna from all enzootic North American regions were revealed in close relation with geographical distribution of its obligate definitive cervid hosts for the first time. METHODS: Variable fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1; 384 bp) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1; 405 bp) were applied as a tool. The concatenated data set of both cox1 and nad1 sequences (789 bp) contained 222 sequences that resulted in 50 haplotypes. Genetic data were analysed using Bayesian Inference (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clades of F. magna, which separated the parasite into western and eastern populations. Western populations included samples from Rocky Mountain trench (Alberta) and northern Pacific coast (British Columbia and Oregon), whereas, the eastern populations were represented by individuals from the Great Lakes region (Minnesota), Gulf coast, lower Mississippi, and southern Atlantic seaboard region (Mississippi, Louisiana, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida) and northern Quebec and Labrador. Haplotype network and results of AMOVA analysis confirmed explicit genetic separation of western and eastern populations of the parasite that suggests long term historical isolation of F. magna populations. CONCLUSION: The genetic makeup of the parasite's populations correlates with data on historical distribution of its hosts. Based on the mitochondrial data there are no signs of host specificity of F. magna adults towards any definitive host species; the detected haplotypes of giant liver fluke are shared amongst several host species in adjacent populations.

• MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica klasifikace   enzymologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fasciolóza epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• přežvýkavci parazitologie   MeSH
• proteiny červů genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vysoká zvěř MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• provincie Québec MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

BACKGROUND: Representatives of the trematode family Fasciolidae are responsible for major socio-economic losses worldwide. Fascioloides magna is an important pathogenic liver fluke of wild and domestic ungulates. To date, only a limited number of studies concerning the molecular biology of F. magna exist. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of F. magna, and assess the phylogenetic relationships of this fluke with other trematodes based on the mtDNA dataset. FINDINGS: The complete F. magna mt genome sequence is 14,047 bp. The gene content and arrangement of the F. magna mt genome is similar to those of Fasciola spp., except that trnE is located between trnG and the only non-coding region in F. magna mt genome. Phylogenetic relationships of F. magna with selected trematodes using Bayesian inference (BI) was reconstructed based on the concatenated amino acid sequences for 12 protein-coding genes, which confirmed that the genus Fascioloides is closely related to the genus Fasciola; the intergeneric differences of amino acid composition between the genera Fascioloides and Fasciola ranged 17.97-18.24 %. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of F. magna mt genome sequence provides a valuable resource for further investigations of the phylogeny of the family Fasciolidae and other trematodes, and represents a useful platform for designing appropriate molecular markers.

• MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica chemie   klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Fasciolidae chemie   klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom mitochondriální * MeSH
• genom u helmintů * MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• proteiny červů chemie   genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

The microsatellite markers were designed for the giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, veterinary important liver parasite of free-living and domestic ruminants. Due to its geographic distribution (five enzootic regions across USA and Canada, three permanent European foci) and invasive character, F. magna is an interesting model for population genetics. Out of 667 amplicon candidates generated after NGS, 118 provided the best resolution and were tested with PCR analysis. In total, 56 yielded PCR products of expected size and in 36 of them the declared repetitive motif was identified by Sanger sequencing. After fragment analysis, 12 loci were proved to be polymorphic in individuals from one tested European and four North American populations. These loci were selected for setup of multiplex STR assays and utilized in genotyping of larger sample cohort. The outputs of statistical analyses indicate further global application of 11 conclusive loci in population genetics of the parasite.

• MeSH
• Fasciolidae klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
• přežvýkavci parazitologie   MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Single-miracidium infections of Lymnaea cubensis (Pfeiffer) from Guadeloupe with the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) (Digenea) were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of the parasite. Controls were constituted by a French population of Galba truncatula (Miller) (a single generation) infected according to the same protocol. It was recorded that prevalence and intensity of F. magna infection in L. cubensis progressively increased from F1 to F5 generations. Cercarial shedding of F. magna was noted only within F5 generation of L. cubensis. However, most measured parameters of infection in this species were significantly lower than those noted for G. truncatula and most L. cubensis died after a single shedding wave. Despite this, L. cubensis can be added to the list of potential intermediate hosts of F. magna.

• MeSH
• Fasciolidae fyziologie   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
• Lymnaea parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH