This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between ericaceous understorey shrubs and the diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) associated with the invasive Pinus strobus and native Pinus sylvestris. Seedlings of both pines were grown in mesocosms and subjected to three treatments simulating different forest microhabitats: (a) grown in isolation and grown with (b) Vaccinium myrtillus or (c) Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Ericaceous plants did not act as a species pool of pine mycobionts and inhibited the ability of the potentially shared species Meliniomyces bicolor to form ectomycorrhizae. Similarly, Ericaceae significantly reduced the formation of Thelephora terrestris ectomycorrhizae in P. sylvestris. EcMF species composition in the mesocosms was strongly affected by both the host species and the presence of an ericaceous neighbour. When grown in isolation, P. strobus root tips were predominantly colonised by Wilcoxina mikolae, whereas those of P. sylvestris were more commonly colonised by Suillus and Rhizopogon spp. Interestingly, these differences were less evident (Suillus + Rhizopogon spp.) or absent (W. mikolae) when the pines were grown with Ericaceae. P. strobus exclusively associated with Rhizopogon salebrosus s.l., suggesting the presence of host specificity at the intrageneric level. Ericaceous plants had a positive effect on colonisation of P. strobus root tips by R. salebrosus s.l. This study demonstrates that the interaction of selective factors such as host species and presence of ericaceous plants may affect the realised niche of the ectomycorrhizal fungi.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• borovice lesní růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• borovice růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hostitelská specificita MeSH
• houby klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• mykorhiza klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• semenáček MeSH
• Vaccinium růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zavlečené druhy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Lecanosticta acicola causes brown spot needle blight (BSNB) of Pinus species. The pathogen occurs mostly in the Northern Hemisphere but has also been reported in Central America and Colombia. BSNB can lead to stunted growth and tree mortality, and has resulted in severe damage to pine plantations in the past. There have been increasingly frequent new reports of this pathogen in Europe and in North America during the course of the past 10 years. This is despite the fact that quarantine practices and eradication protocols are in place to prevent its spread. TAXONOMY: Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Subphylum Pezizomycotina; Class Dothideomycetes; Subclass Dothideomycetidae; Order Capniodales; Family Mycosphaerellaceae; Genus Lecanosticta. HOST RANGE AND DISTRIBUTION: Lecanosticta spp. occur on various Pinus species and are found in North America, Central America, South America (Colombia), Europe as well as Asia. DISEASE SYMPTOMS: Small yellow irregular spots appear on the infected pine needles that become brown over time. They can be surrounded by a yellow halo. These characteristic brown spots develop to form narrow brown bands that result in needle death from the tips down to the point of infection. Needles are prematurely shed, leaving bare branches with tufts of new needles at the branch tips. Infection is usually most severe in the lower parts of the trees and progresses upwards into the canopies. USEFUL WEBSITES: The EPPO global database providing information on L. acicola (https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SCIRAC) Reference genome of L. acicola available on GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=Lecanosticta+acicola) JGI Gold Genome database information sheet of L. acicola sequenced genome (https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/organism?xml:id=Go0047147).

• MeSH
• Ascomycota patogenita   MeSH
• borovice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lesy MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Lecanosticta acicola is a heterothallic ascomycete that causes brown spot needle blight on native and nonnative Pinus spp. in many regions of the world. In this study we investigated the origin of European L. acicola populations and estimated the level of random mating of the pathogen in affected areas. Part of the elongation factor 1-α gene was sequenced, 11 microsatellite regions were screened, and the mating type idiomorphs were determined for 201 isolates of L. acicola collected from three continents and 17 host species. The isolates from Mexico and Guatemala were unique, highly diverse and could represent cryptic species of Lecanosticta. The isolates from East Asia formed a uniform and discrete group. Two distinct populations were identified in both North America and Europe. Approximate Bayesian computation analyses strongly suggest independent introductions of two populations from North America into Europe. Microsatellite data and mating type distributions indicated random recombination in the populations of North America and Europe. Its intercontinental introduction can most likely be explained as a consequence of the movement of infected plant material. In contrast, the spread of L. acicola within Europe appears to be primarily due to conidial dispersion and probably also ascospore dissemination.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• borovice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fungální geny pro párovací typ genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• listy rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Guatemala MeSH
• Mexiko MeSH
• Severní Amerika MeSH

Od posvátného indického banyánu k voňavému cedru libanonskému - vezmeme vás na ilustrovanou pouť za stromy, které jsou základem historie, ovlivňují generace lidí, duchovní život i folklor. Úžasná kniha, která vám objasní, jak klíčovou roli stromy hrají v každé oblasti lidského života. S nádhernými ilustracemi Lucille Clercové.