Reunification
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... 6.2.1 The English Health Inequalities Strategy as a -- | Win-Win Strategy 109 -- 6.2.2 German Reunification ...
European observatory on health systems and policies
xvii, 167 stran : ilustrace ; 23 cm
BACKGROUND: During the German division, two culturally very similar populations were exposed to very disparate socioeconomic conditions, which converged again after 1989. The impact of healthcare and life circumstances on mortality differences can better be estimated when cultural explanations are widely neglectable. OBJECTIVES: For the first time, we analyse harmonised cause-of-death data explicitly by age. Hereby, we can show which ages or birth cohorts were particularly affected by German division and reunification in their mortality and to which causes of death this is attributable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We harmonised the German cause-of-death statistics by applying an internationally standardised harmonisation process to account for differences and breaks in cause-of-death coding practices. We analysed the data using decomposition methods. RESULTS: During the 1980s, east-west disparities were increasing as progress in the reduction of cardiovascular mortality was much stronger in West Germany, notably at older ages. After 1989, East Germany was able to catch up to the west in many areas. This is especially true for elderly persons and women, while east-west disparities are still visible today, particularly among male adult cohorts (1950-1970) strongly affected by the East German transition crisis. CONCLUSIONS: The lower life expectancy of the East German population in the late 1980s was primarily caused by a slower pace of the cardiovascular revolution. The remaining present-day disparities are rather an aftermath of the East German transition crisis than direct aftereffects of the division.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- naděje dožití * MeSH
- příčina smrti MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Německo východní MeSH
- Německo západní MeSH
- Německo MeSH
Records of 4,455 sheltered dogs were analyzed to compare the numbers of traceable (able to be reunited with original caregivers) and untraceable (unable to be reunited with original caregivers) dogs before (Period 1) and after (Period 2) introduction of a mandatory microchipping. Records were also used to compare the numbers of microchipped dogs, to compare dogs' reunification with caregivers, and to estimate possible financial savings. In Period 1, 51.8% of the dogs were untraceable (median length of stay = 14 days) and 48.2% were traceable (median length of stay = 1 day). Of all traceable dogs, 24.5% were microchipped, and 67.5% of microchipped dogs were traceable. In Period 2, 57.1% of dogs were traceable (median length of stay = 0 days), and 42.9% were untraceable (median length of stay = 12 days). Of all traceable dogs, 61.4% had a microchip, and 80% of microchipped dogs were traceable. In Period 2, authorities saved more than US$43,400 on unreclaimed dog care. Mandatory microchipping of dogs appears to be an effective measure to increase reunification of sheltered dogs, decrease length of stay, and save authority funds.
- MeSH
- identifikační systémy pro zvířata ekonomika veterinární MeSH
- pohoda zvířat MeSH
- povinné programy ekonomika MeSH
- psi * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Německo východní MeSH
- Německo západní MeSH
15th ed. 32 sv.
- MeSH
- referenční knihy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- encyklopedie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Všeobecná příručková díla
- NLK Obory
- všeobecná příručková díla a encyklopedie
