phageome Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Despite their ecological importance, nothing is known about the diversity and abundance of RNA viruses in termites (Termitoidae). We used a metatranscriptomics approach to determine the RNA virome structure of 50 diverse species of termite that differ in both phylogenetic position and colony composition. From these samples, we identified 67 novel RNA viruses, characterized their genomes, quantified their abundance and inferred their evolutionary history. These viruses were found within or similar to those from the Togaviridae, Iflaviridae, Polycipiviridae, Flaviviridae, Leviviridae, Narnaviridae, Mitoviridae, Lispivirdae, Phasmaviridae, Picobirnaviridae and Partitiviridae. However, all viruses identified were novel and divergent, exhibiting only 20% to 45% amino acid identity to previously identified viruses. Our analysis suggested that 17 of the viruses identified were termite-infecting, with the remainder likely associated with the termite microbiome or diet. Unclassified sobemo-like and bunya-like viruses dominated termite viromes, while most of the phylogenetic diversity was provided by the picobirna- and mitovirus-like viruses. Of note was the identification of a novel flavi-like virus most closely related to those found in marine vertebrates and invertebrates. Notably, the sampling procedure had the strongest association with virome composition, with greater RNA virome diversity in libraries prepared from whole termite bodies than those that only sampled heads.
OBJECTIVES: Studies of the fecal virome in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been limited to populations of Europe and the United States. We therefore sought to characterize the stool virome in children after onset of T1D and in matched control subjects from four geographically distant African and Asian countries. METHODS: Samples of stool were collected from 73 children and adolescents shortly after T1D onset (Azerbaijan 19, Jordan 20, Nigeria 14, Sudan 20) and 105 matched control subjects of similar age and locale. Metagenomic sequencing of the DNA and RNA virome was performed, and virus positivity was defined as more than 0.001% of reads of the sample. Selected viruses were also quantified using real-time PCR. Conditional logistic regression was used to model associations with eukaryotic virus positivity. RESULTS: Signals of 387 different viral species were detected; at least one eukaryotic virus was detected in 71% case and 65% control samples. Neither of observed eukaryotic virus species or genera differed in frequency between children with T1D and controls. There was a suggestive association of the total count of different viral genera per sample between cases (1.45 genera) and controls (1.10 genera, OR 1.24, 95%CI 0.98-1.57), and an unplanned subanalysis suggested marginally more frequent endogenous retrovirus signal in cases (in 28.8% vs. in 8.6% controls, OR = 4.55, 95%CI 1.72-12). CONCLUSIONS: No clear and consistent association with T1D was observed in the fecal viromes from four distant non-European populations. The finding of borderline associations of human endogenous retroviruses merits further exploration.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu diagnóza virologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- feces virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- virom MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Ázerbájdžán MeSH
- Jordánsko MeSH
- Nigérie MeSH
- Súdán MeSH
The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dwells in the respiratory airways, however, its digestive tract presence, infectivity, mucosal attachment and penetrating mechanisms, enteric proliferation, stool shading, flashed bio-aerosol spreading and fecal-oral transmission is far from being understood. The present review opens some skylights to lighten the long, tortuous, dark and challenging tunnel of the gastrointestinal tract and his uninvited covid-19 viral new inhabitant.
- Klíčová slova
- Covid 19,
- MeSH
- angiotensin konvertující enzym 2 škodlivé účinky MeSH
- COVID-19 * etiologie mortalita patofyziologie patologie přenos MeSH
- endoskopie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- feces virologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt patofyziologie patologie virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průjem etiologie MeSH
- receptory koronavirů MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 patogenita MeSH
- střeva * virologie MeSH
- virom MeSH
- vylučování virů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
