There are currently no pharmacological treatments for cocaine use disorder. Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the potential of psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin to treat psychiatric disorders. Human studies have indicated that a single administration of psilocybin can have long-lasting effects. Few preclinical studies have examined a role for psilocybin in addiction models. The goal of the current study was to determine whether psilocybin would enhance extinction following cocaine self-administration in male and female mice and rats and thus result in an attenuation of cue-induced drug-seeking. In experiments in mice, 16 female and 19 male mice underwent 8d of cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) and extinction training. Immediately following extinction trials, mice were injected with vehicle or 1.0 mg/kg psilocybin. Following the conclusion of extinction training, mice were tested for cue-induced reinstatement. In experiments in rats, 24 female and 23 male rats underwent 15d of cocaine self-administration (0.8 mg/kg/infusion) and extinction training. Immediately following extinction trials, rats were injected with vehicle, 1.0 mg/kg psilocybin, or 2.5 mg/kg psilocybin. Following the conclusion of extinction training, rats were tested for cue-induced reinstatement. Psilocybin administered following extinction trials had no effect, as both female and male mice and rats demonstrated significant cue-induced reinstatement. These data suggest that psilocybin is ineffective at altering cocaine-seeking behavior in the paradigm and doses used in the current study. It remains to be seen whether treatment with psilocybin under different conditions may be useful in the long-standing goal of finding pharmacotherapies to treat CUD.

• MeSH
• autoaplikace * MeSH
• chování při shánění drogy * účinky léků   MeSH
• extinkce (psychologie) * účinky léků   MeSH
• halucinogeny * farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• inhibitory vychytávání dopaminu farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kokain * farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• operantní podmiňování účinky léků   MeSH
• podněty * MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním kokainu farmakoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• psilocybin * farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• autoaplikace MeSH
• chronická zánětlivá demyelinizační polyneuropatie * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny * aplikace a dávkování   ekonomika   MeSH
• injekce subkutánní metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• novinové články MeSH

Adrenaline delivery via adrenaline autoinjectors represents a rapid and life-saving first-line treatment of anaphylaxis. Adrenaline administration via autoinjector results in the more rapid achievement of peak systemic delivery of adrenaline. This paper brings data about adrenaline autoinjector prescription based on the optimal diagnostics (example of component resolved diagnostics in food-induced anaphylaxis) and the adequate usage of adrenaline autoinjector.

Adrenalin aplikovaný pomocí adrenalinového autoinjektoru představuje život zachraňující rychlou léčbu anafylaxe. Aplikace adrenalinu pomocí adrenalinového autoinjektoru vede k časnějšímu dosažení vrcholové hladiny v séru ve srovnání s aplikací adrenalinu pomocí intramuskulární jehly a stříkačky. Článek přináší data o preskripci na základě optimální diagnostiky (příklad anafylaxe po potravině) a použití adrenalinového autoinjektoru.

• Klíčová slova
• autoinjektor,
• MeSH
• adrenalin * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• anafylaxe * etiologie   farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• autoaplikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potravinová alergie komplikace   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Comorbidity of depression and drug addiction is common, but effective treatment is missing. A rat model combining the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) model and IV drug self-administration has provided evidence of differential reactivity of the OBX rats towards drugs of abuse. This study evaluates nicotine taking and seeking behaviour in this model. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were used; in one group, the OBX was performed while the other group was sham-operated. After three weeks of nicotine self-administration (fixed ratio-1 schedule), rats underwent two weeks of forced abstinence followed by a drug-free relapse-like session. Two doses of nicotine were studied: 0.019 and 0.030 mg/kg per infusion. The locomotor test took place before the self-administration protocol and on the first day of abstinence. RESULTS: OBX induced characteristic hyperactive locomotor phenotype. OBX rats self-administered more nicotine in the experiment using 0.019 mg/kg per infusion, but they reached lower drug intake in the study using 0.030 mg/kg per infusion. However, relapse of nicotine seeking after forced abstinence was significantly higher in the OBX groups in both cohorts. CONCLUSION: These results are in line with previous studies showing OBX-induced dissimilarities in drug-seeking and drug-taking and represent complementary information to reports on other substances.

• MeSH
• autoaplikace MeSH
• bulbus olfactorius * chirurgie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• nikotin * farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• autoinjektor,
• MeSH
• adrenalin * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   zásobování a distribuce   MeSH
• anafylaxe farmakoterapie   MeSH
• autoaplikace MeSH
• farmaceutický průmysl * MeSH
• injekce intramuskulární MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lobbování MeSH
• marketing * MeSH
• náklady na léky MeSH
• obchod MeSH
• školy MeSH
• zákonodárství lékové MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• autoinjektor,
• MeSH
• antidota * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• autoaplikace * MeSH
• diazepam aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hypnotika a sedativa aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• injekce intramuskulární MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervová bojová látka otrava   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• historické články MeSH

V této kazuistice je prezentována situace z běžné denní praxe, kdy se většina našich pacientů nepravidelně a neplánovaně věnuje pohybovým aktivitám. Opakovaně jsou edukováni, jak případně řešit a upravit dietní režim a inzulinoterapii. Bohužel řada z nich toto neřeší nebo zapomene na rizika snížené glykemie během nebo po sportovní aktivitě. Proto je na místě využít bezpečnější inzulínová analoga 2. generace s benefitem titrace a flexibility v čase a dosáhnout tak významného úbytku hypoglykemizujících atak, které limitují v denním režimu.

This case report presents a situation from normal daily practice as the manner in which most of our patients engage in physical activities is irregular and unplanned. They are repeatedly educated on how to handle and adjust the diet and insulin therapy, if necessary. Unfortu- nately, many of them do not address this issue at all or forget about the risks of reduced glycaemia during or after sports activity. Therefore, in this case scenario, it is appropriate to use second generation insulin analogues, which are safer and offer the benefit of titration as well as time flexibility. This helps achieve a significant decrease in hypoglycaemic attacks that limit the daily regimen.

• Klíčová slova
• Toujeo,
• MeSH
• autoaplikace MeSH
• cyklistika MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypoglykemie * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• injekce subkutánní MeSH
• inzulin glargin * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inzulin analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• komplikace diabetu farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regulace glykemie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Pharmacological manipulations of glutamatergic ionotropic receptors have been suggested as a promising target for addiction treatment. Antagonists of AMPA/kainate receptors were shown to reduce alcohol intake or alcohol-seeking in various animal models. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NBQX, an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, on methamphetamine (METH) and nicotine self-administration in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer METH (0.08 mg/kg per infusion, session of 90 min) and nicotine (0.03 mg/kg per infusion, session of 60 min) under the fixed ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. The maintenance training was 2 weeks. During the second week, NBQX was injected subcutaneously at doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg 20 min before the session or intravenously (IV) at doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg 10 min before the session. Following the maintenance training, rats were subjected to forced abstinence for 2 weeks and 1 day of the drug-free relapse-like session with IV NBQX treatment performed as before. RESULTS: Although NBQX did not affect nicotine maintenance, it significantly suppressed the drug-paired responding in the relapse session. Regarding METH, NBQX did not exert a significant effect at either phase of the study. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest selective involvement of AMPA/kainate receptors in the relapse of nicotine seeking after a period of forced abstinence.

• MeSH
• autoaplikace MeSH
• chinoxaliny MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• methamfetamin * farmakologie   MeSH
• nikotin MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Cannabis/cannabinoids are widely used for recreational and therapy purposes, but their risks are largely disregarded. However, cannabinoid-associated use disorders and dependence are alarmingly increasing and an effective treatment is lacking. Recently, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR1A) antagonism was proposed as a promising mechanism for drug addiction therapy. However, the role of GHS-R1A and its endogenous ligand ghrelin in cannabinoid abuse remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate whether the GHS-R1A antagonist JMV2959 could reduce the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and behavioral stimulation, the WIN55,212-2 intravenous self-administration (IVSA), and the tendency to relapse. Following an ongoing WIN55,212-2 self-administration, JMV2959 3 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally 20 min before three consequent daily 120-min IVSA sessions under a fixed ratio FR1, which significantly reduced the number of the active lever-pressing, the number of infusions, and the cannabinoid intake. Pretreatment with JMV2959 suggested reduction of the WIN55,212-2-seeking/relapse-like behavior tested in rats on the twelfth day of the forced abstinence period. On the contrary, pretreatment with ghrelin significantly increased the cannabinoid IVSA as well as enhanced the relapse-like behavior. Co-administration of ghrelin with JMV2959 abolished/reduced the significant efficacy of the GHS-R1A antagonist in the cannabinoid IVSA. Pretreatment with JMV2959 significantly and dose-dependently reduced the manifestation of THC-induced CPP. The THC-CPP development was reduced after the simultaneous administration of JMV2959 with THC during conditioning. JMV2959 also significantly reduced the THC-induced behavioral stimulation in the LABORAS cage. Our findings suggest that GHS-R1A importantly participates in the rewarding/reinforcing effects of cannabinoids.

• MeSH
• autoaplikace MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• glycin analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• intravenózní podání MeSH
• kanabinoidy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• operantní podmiňování účinky léků   MeSH
• podmiňování (psychologie) účinky léků   MeSH
• posilování (psychologie) MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptory ghrelinu antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• triazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim of this article is to provide unique and detailed data on how patients rate the RebiSmart 2.0 in the specific User Study Questionnaire (USQ) domains, and the relationship between their rating and individual level of disability, baseline demographic/socioeconomic factors, and adherence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve-month, phase IV, observational, multicenter study (no placebo or comparator) to evaluate the ease of use of the RebiSmart autoinjector for self-injection during treatment of CIS/RRMS subjects with Rebif 44 mcg sc three times a week by USQ. A total of 290 subjects participated in the study, with 249 (85.86%) completing the entire study period. RESULTS: The endpoint results demonstrated a very high proportion (>95%) of patients with a positive evaluation of the overall convenience of RebiSmart at each study visit. At the end of the study, all patients would recommend the device to others who need Rebif therapy. The proportion of patients rating the RebiSmart ease of use by individual domains (self-injection steps, changing the cartridge, using the device away from home) as "very easy to use" or "easy to use" and the proportion of patients rating the RebiSmart functions as "helpful" or "very helpful" were more than 80% for each domain at each study visit. CONCLUSION: These findings are in line with the potential benefits of RebiSmart to treatment adherence. They demonstrate an overall, very good perception of the device by patients and its individual functions.

• MeSH
• autoaplikace MeSH
• interferon beta 1a terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postižení * MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze IV MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH