BACKGROUND: An in-depth study of neurological symptoms and complications of influenza in elderly patients. This population group is more susceptible to complications of the disease and these complications are more likely to end in death. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patient data was performed. All patients aged 65 years and older were included in the study. The study period was from the 1st of January , 2018 to 31st of December, 2021. All symptoms and complications of influenza were analyzed. Especially neurological and general symptoms were analyzed. Data were extracted from the complete medical records of the patients. RESULTS: The most common symptoms of influenza in the elderly were fever in 218 cases (83.52%), cough in 189 patients (72.41%), general weakness in 182 (69.73%) and fatigue in 166 patients (63.6%). Myalgias were experienced by 106 patients (40.61%) and arthralgias by 101 patients (38.7%). Headache occurred in only 21 patients (8.06%). Encephalopathy was observed in 7 elderly patients (2.68%) during hospitalization. Influenza encephalitis was noted in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: The most common neurological symptoms of influenza in more than half of the elderly are general weakness and increased fatigue. Myalgias are common, headache less often. Nausea is not uncommon. Of the complications, encephalopathy is the most common. Cases of influenza encephalitis have also been reported. We have not encountered a stroke. Concerning other complications, bacterial pneumonia was the most common.
- MeSH
- bolesti hlavy etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- chřipka lidská * komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- horečka etiologie MeSH
- kašel etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myalgie etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- nemoci nervového systému epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- svalová slabost etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- únava etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory illness primarily caused by Bordetella pertussis. Highly contagious, it poses significant morbidity and mortality risks, especially in infants. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, pertussis cases have recently resurged globally. This case report details possible complication in a 48-year-old woman, involving a cough-induced rib fracture and recurrent pneumothorax, highlighting the need for considering pertussis in patients with severe cough and back pain. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old female non-smoker with hypertension, treated with ACE inhibitor (perindopril), presented with a runny nose, productive cough, and back pain. Initial treatment for a common cold provided temporary relief. However, her symptoms worsened, and further examination revealed a fractured rib, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema. Laboratory tests confirmed elevated Bordetella pertussis toxin antibodies. She was treated with antibiotics, and despite recurrent symptoms, a conservative management approach was successful. Follow-up indicated resolution of symptoms, but significant anxiety related to her condition. CONCLUSION: This case emphasises the importance of considering pertussis in adults, as early symptoms resembling a common cold can lead to misdiagnosis. It also highlights the potential for significant musculoskeletal and pulmonary injuries due to intense coughing associated with pertussis. Prompt diagnosis and comprehensive management, including antibiotics and supportive care, are essential for favorable outcomes.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fraktury žeber * komplikace MeSH
- kašel etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- pneumotorax * etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dysfunction of the airway defence system in Huntington's disease (HD) is a significant but often overlooked problem. Although expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is frequently utilized in cough effectiveness treatment, its specific impact in HD patients has not yet been explored. This study investigated the effects of EMST on voluntary peak cough flow (vPCF) in HD patients and evaluated the retention of potential gains post-intervention. METHODS: In this prospective case-controlled trial, 29 HD patients completed an 8-week wait-to-start period, which served to identify the natural development of expiratory muscle strength and vPCF. This was followed by 8 weeks of EMST training and an additional 8 weeks of follow-up. The study's outcome parameters, vPCF and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), were measured against those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Huntington's disease patients had significantly lower MEP (p < 0.001) and vPCF (p = 0.012) compared to healthy controls at baseline. Following the EMST, significant improvements in MEP (d = 1.39, p < 0.001) and vPCF (d = 0.77, p = 0.001) were observed, with HD patients reaching the cough performance levels of healthy subjects. However, these gains diminished during the follow-up, with a significant decline in vPCF (d = -0.451, p = 0.03) and in MEP (d = -0.71; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Expiratory muscle strength training improves expiratory muscle strength and voluntary cough effectiveness in HD patients, but an ongoing maintenance programme is necessary to sustain the improvements.
- MeSH
- dechová cvičení metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dýchací svaly * patofyziologie MeSH
- Huntingtonova nemoc * patofyziologie komplikace rehabilitace MeSH
- kašel * patofyziologie etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odporový trénink metody MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- svalová síla * fyziologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Plaváním indukovaný plicní edém je akutní, potenciálně život ohrožující stav, který má při včasné, správné diagnóze a terapii dobrou prognózu. Postihuje fyzicky aktivní jedince, častěji ženy, během sportovních aktivit, jako jsou plavání či potápění. Klinickými projevy jsou náhle vzniklá dušnost, kašel, hypoxemie. Jsou identifikovány rizikové faktory, mezi které patří i dosud nediagnostikované kardiální onemocnění. Z toho vyplývá důležitost preventivních vyšetření u fyzicky aktivních jedinců.
Swimming induced pulmonary edema is an acute, potentially life-threatening condition that has a good prognosis with early, correct diagnosis and therapy. It affects physically active individuals, more often women, during sports activities such as swimming or diving. Clinical manifestations are sudden shortness of breath, cough, hypoxemia. Risk factors are identified, including previously undiagnosed cardiac disease. This implies the importance of preventive examinations for physically active individuals.
- MeSH
- agonisté beta-2-adrenergních receptorů terapeutické užití MeSH
- CT angiografie metody MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- diuretika terapeutické užití MeSH
- dyspnoe etiologie MeSH
- elektrokardiografie metody MeSH
- kašel etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxygenoterapie MeSH
- plavání * zranění MeSH
- plicní edém * diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Běžná sezónní respirační onemocnění vhodná pro samoléčbu jsou nekomplikovaná onemocnění horních cest dýchacích způsobená běžnými viry. Nejúčinnější léčbou sezónních respiračních onemocnění je komplexní terapie, tedy nejen potlačení symptomů pomocí účinných látek, ale i často opomíjená vhodná režimová opatření.
Common seasonal respiratory disease suitable for self-treatment is an uncomplicated upper respiratory tract disease caused by common viruses. The most effective treatment for seasonal respiratory disease is comprehensive therapy, i.e. not only suppression of symptoms with active agents, but also an often neglected appropriate regimen.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bolest farmakoterapie MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- kašel farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
- rinitida farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- samoléčba * MeSH
- vazokonstriktiva nosní škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Chronický kašel je definován svým trváním (více než 4-8 týdnů). Jedná se o relativně častý příznak dětského věku a vyžaduje pečlivé zhodnocení, jelikož může upozorňovat na závažné chronické onemocnění. Vyšetřovací postup je v prvé řadě založen na detailním zhodnocení anamnézy a fyzikálním vyšetření, v rámci kterých pátráme po příznacích upozorňujících na specifickou příčinu kašle, resp. jasně definované onemocnění. Vyšetření druhé linie volíme v jednotlivých případech individuálně a cílíme ho na základě podezření vzniklých při vyšetřeních první linie. Z rozšiřujících vyšetření nejčastěji indikujeme skiagram hrudníku, spirometrii s bronchomotorickými testy, vyšetření sputa a alergologické testy. Léčba chronického kašle by měla odpovídat jeho vyvolávající příčině, resp. onemocnění, na podkladě kterého vzniká. Necílené nasazení antiastmatické, antirefluxní a antialergické léčby chronického kašle má malou šanci na úspěch, nicméně v pečlivě vybraných situacích (např. suchý kašel ve vazbě na prostředí, virové infekty, či kontakt s alergeny - podezření na variantu asthma bronchiale s izolovaným kašlem) lze provést terapeutický test s antiastmatickou medikací. Při tomto pokusu je nutné striktně dodržet doporučený způsob provedení, aby nebyla dlouhodobá medikace podávána zbytečně.
A chronic cough is defined by its duration (more than 4-8 weeks). It is a relatively common symptom in children and requires careful evaluation, as it may indicate a serious chronic disease. The examination procedure is primarily based on a detailed evaluation of the patient's history and a physical examination, during which we look for symptoms pointing to a specific cause of the cough, or clearly defined disease. The second-line tests are chosen individually based on the suspected etiology of cough arising from the first-line examinations. Among the additional examinations, chest X-ray, spirometry with bronchomotor tests, sputum examination and allergy tests are the most important. The treatment of chronic cough should target its underlying cause/disease. Non-targeted use of anti-asthmatic, anti-reflux and anti-allergic treatment for chronic cough has little chance of success. However, in carefully selected situations (e. g. dry cough in relationship to the environment and allergen exposure or viral infections - suspected cough variant asthma) therapeutic test with antiasthmatic medication may be helpful. Evaluation of the treatment effect must be performed after 8-12 weeks to avoid ineffective use of long-term medication.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ferns form an important part of the human diet. Young fern fiddleheads are mostly consumed as vegetables, while the rhizomes are often extracted for starch. These edible ferns are also often employed in traditional medicine, where all parts of the plant are used, mostly to prepare extracts. These extracts are applied either externally as lotions and baths or internally as potions, decoctions and teas. Ailments traditionally treated with ferns include coughs, colds, fevers, pain, burns and wounds, asthma, rheumatism, diarrhoea, or skin diseases (eczema, rashes, itching, leprosy). AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review aims to compile the worldwide knowledge on the traditional medicinal uses of edible fern species correlating to reported biological activities and isolated bioactive compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The articles and books published on edible fern species were searched through the online databases Web of Science, Pubmed and Google Scholar, with critical evaluation of the hits. The time period up to the end of 2022 was included. RESULTS: First, the edible fern species were identified based on the literature data. A total of 90 fern species were identified that are eaten around the world and are also used in traditional medicine. Ailments treated are often associated with inflammation or bacterial infection. However, only the most common and well-known fern species, were investigated for their biological activity. The most studied species are Blechnum orientale L., Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm., Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw., Marsilea minuta L., Osmunda japonica Thunb., Polypodium vulgare L., and Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd. Most of the fern extracts have been studied for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Not surprisingly, antioxidant capacity has been the most studied, with results reported for 28 edible fern species. Ferns have been found to be very rich sources of flavonoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, terpenoids and steroids and most of these compounds are remarkable free radical scavengers responsible for the outstanding antioxidant capacity of fern extracts. As far as clinical trials are concerned, extracts from only three edible fern species have been evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: The extracts of edible fern species exert antioxidant anti-inflammatory and related biological activities, which is consistent with their traditional medicinal use in the treatment of wounds, burns, colds, coughs, skin diseases and intestinal diseases. However, studies to prove pharmacological activities are scarce, and require chemical-biological standardization. Furthermore, correct botanical classification needs to be included in publications to simplify data acquisition. Finally, more in-depth phytochemical studies, allowing the linking of traditional use to pharmacological relevance are needed to be done in a standardized way.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- etnofarmakologie MeSH
- fytonutrienty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- kapradiny * MeSH
- kašel farmakoterapie MeSH
- kožní nemoci * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nachlazení * farmakoterapie MeSH
- popálení * farmakoterapie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Běžná sezónní respirační onemocnění vhodná pro samoléčbu jsou nekomplikovaná onemocnění horních cest dýchacích způsobená běžnými viry. Nejúčinnější léčbou sezónních respiračních onemocnění je komplexní terapie, tedy nejen potlačení symptomů pomocí účinných látek, ale i často opomíjená vhodná režimová opatření.
Common seasonal respiratory disease suitable for self-treatment is an uncomplicated upper respiratory tract disease caused by common viruses. The most effective treatment for seasonal respiratory disease is comprehensive therapy, i.e. not only suppression of symptoms with active agents, but also an often neglected appropriate regimen.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bolest farmakoterapie MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- kašel farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
- rinitida farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- samoléčba * MeSH
- vazokonstriktiva nosní škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- bolesti na hrudi diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- cyanóza diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza * MeSH
- dyspnoe diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- hemoptýza diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- kašel diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy ústrojí dýchacího * MeSH
- respirační zvuky diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- somatoformní poruchy diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
