BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of the present study was to estimate the complex association between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), substance use, and other risky behaviours in Czech adolescents whilst providing prevalence estimates of IGD and psychometric information regarding the Czech Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF). METHODS: A representative sample of 3,950 Czech adolescents was recruited through stratified random sampling in the school setting. RESULTS: Disordered gamers showed frequent use of specific substances such as pharmaceuticals, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide. In contrast, non-gamers had higher prevalence of alcohol, cigarettes, sedatives and tranquillisers, and marijuana use. A logistic regression, utilising IGDS9-SF raw scores and average daily gaming time, revealed a U-shaped relationship between gaming and both alcohol and cigarette use. Additionally, conduct problems such as bullying, and risky in-game behaviours were more prevalent among disordered gamers, with the exception of forging parents' signatures. The overall prevalence of IGD was 3.62% (95% CI = [3.1%, 4.3%]), with higher rates in males (5.89%; 95% CI = [4.9%, 7.0%]) than in females (1.45%; 95% CI = [1.0%, 2.1%]). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The Czech IGDS9-SF used in the present study showed adequate psychometric properties. The association between gaming and substance use behaviours may be specific and multifaceted depending on the severity of the gaming-related problems. Furthermore, disordered gamers may become more vulnerable due to a higher incidence of conduct problems, bullying (victimisation), and in-game risky behaviours such as engagement with microtransactions mechanics (e.g., loot box) within video games.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- netholismus * epidemiologie MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- riskování * MeSH
- videohry statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Behaviorálne závislosti, najmä porucha v dôsledku hrania hazardných hier, sú u pacientov často prítomné spoločne s poruchami užívania psychoaktívnych látok a naopak. Najčastejšie užívanými psychoaktívnymi látkami medzi hráčmi sú tabak a alkohol, spomedzi ilegálnych drog je to metamfetamín. Bežný profil pacienta s poruchou v dôsledku hrania hazardných hier a pacienta so závislosťou od psychoaktívnych látok sú veľmi podobné, a nachádzame u nich spoločné predispozície k rozvoju ochorenia. V článku ponúkame prehľad skríningových metód na odhalenie možnej poruchy užívania psychoaktívnych látok, alebo poruchy v dôsledku hrania hazardných hier, a tiež stručný prehľad na dôkazoch založených psychoterapeutických intervencií.
Behavioural addictions, especially gambling disorder, are often present in patients together with substance use disorders and vice versa. The most commonly used psychoactive substances among gamblers are tobacco and alcohol, and among illicit drugs it is methamphetamine. The common profile of a disordered gambler and a patient with substance use disorder are very similar and we find common predispositions to the development of the disease between them. In this article, we offer an overview of screening methods to detect possible psychoactive substance use disorder or gambling disorder, as well as a brief review of evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions.
- MeSH
- hráčství * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- hráčství * MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
The current study focused on longitudinal effects of genetics and parental behaviors and their interplay on externalizing behaviors in a panel study following individuals from adolescence to young adulthood. The nationally representative sample of Add Health participants of European ancestry included N = 4142 individuals, measured on three occasions. Parenting was operationalized as experiences with child maltreatment and maternal closeness. Externalizing problems were operationalized as alcohol use, cannabis use, and antisocial behaviors. Genetic effects were operationalized as a polygenic score (PGS) of risky behaviors. The results showed significant effects for child maltreatment, maternal closeness, and PGS, above and beyond other factors and previous levels of externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, maternal closeness was found to negatively correlate with PGS. No significant interaction effects of parenting and PGS were found. The results underscore the joint independent effects of parenting and genetics on the change in externalizing behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood.
- MeSH
- asociální osobnost genetika MeSH
- chování mladistvých * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- multifaktoriální dědičnost genetika MeSH
- riskování MeSH
- rodičovství * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Identifying factors whose fluctuations are associated with choice inconsistency is a major issue for rational decision theory. Here, we investigated the neuro-computational mechanisms through which mood fluctuations may bias human choice behavior. Intracerebral EEG data were collected in a large group of subjects (n=30) while they were performing interleaved quiz and choice tasks that were designed to examine how a series of unrelated feedbacks affect decisions between safe and risky options. Neural baseline activity preceding choice onset was confronted first to mood level, estimated by a computational model integrating the feedbacks received in the quiz task, and then to the weighting of option attributes, in a computational model predicting risk attitude in the choice task. Results showed that (1) elevated broadband gamma activity (BGA) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal anterior insula (daIns) was respectively signaling periods of high and low mood, (2) increased vmPFC and daIns BGA respectively promoted and tempered risk taking by overweighting gain vs. loss prospects. Thus, incidental feedbacks induce brain states that correspond to different moods and bias the evaluation of risky options. More generally, these findings might explain why people experiencing positive (or negative) outcome in some part of their life tend to expect success (or failure) in any other.
In 2019, a questionnaire was conducted among foreigners living in the Czech Republic focused on gambling, in which 110 respondents from Vietnam and 80 respondents from Ukraine answered. Firstly, the Attitudes towards gambling scale (ATGS-8) was used to discover respondents' attitudes to gambling. Secondly, their experience with gambling was examined with the help of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) which allowed, among others, to estimate the level of prevalence of problem gambling in these groups. The methods used allowed us to compare both the Ukrainians to Vietnamese as well as Ukrainians and Vietnamese to Czechs, as similar survey was conducted among the major population of the country in 2017. The overall score of attitudes to gambling is slightly higher for the citizens of Ukraine (17.97) and Vietnam (18.29) compared to the majority. The Vietnamese living in the Czech Republic also have a significantly higher proportion of people in the category of pathological gamblers as based on the PGSI index (Vietnamese 4.2%), whilst the value of this index for Ukrainians (0.7%) is similar to the one of the majority. The analysis of immigrants' gambling behaviour shows that Ukrainians are more like the majority population. The Vietnamese immigrants differ from both the majority population and Ukrainians in terms of attitudes whilst gambling is for them as common problem as alcohol consumption, and an even bigger problem than smoking.
- MeSH
- hráčství * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Ukrajina MeSH
- Vietnam MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to analyse drug-related infectious diseases (DRID) rates for people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Pilsen Region in order to identify the main determiners of infection risk and also to provide a foundation for comparison between this region and the others in the Czech Republic. METHODS: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, we analysed the Pilsen Region's data on PWID. The data was transcribed from the 2003 to 2018 internal database of the Ulice Outreach Programme. In addition to the data regarding the testing of DRID, we analysed commercial sex work (CSW) and the PWID's duration of drug use, age and current address. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, primarily employing logistic regression (i.e., backward elimination method) to explore predictors of seropositivity. Moreover, we calculated its prevalence from an epidemiological perspective. RESULTS: In total, 384 PWID were tested, from which 54.7% were males, and 84.1% were from Pilsen. The average age for initiation of using drug was 19.37 years. The most used drug was methamphetamine (64.8%), 77 women (20.1%) were reported to be CSW. The prevalence of DRID was as follows: hepatitis C virus (HCV) 37.24%, syphilis 1.82%, hepatitis B virus (HBV) 0.78%, and HIV infection 0.26%. The analysis showed that men had a lower risk of syphilis than women. Individuals who started their drug use via injection had a 1.365-times higher risk of DRID in comparison to those who initiated intravenous drug use later in their drug-using lives. We identified a significant association between the drug type and the risk of HCV infection: the main predictor of seropositivity was the use of fentanyl, which posed a 1.930-times higher risk than in the case of methamphetamine. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first descriptive cross-sectional study implemented in the Pilsen Region in the Czech Republic with a focus on the subpopulation of PWID with individual data. A high prevalence of HCV infection still persists but the prevalence of HBV and HIV infections in this study (and generally in the Czech Republic) is relatively low compared to foreign studies. Syphilis is not closely associated with injecting-drug use, but rather with the sexual behaviour of the people who use drugs intravenously. The most important predictor of seropositivity for syphilis was CSW. We also found the duration of being a CSW to be significant influence. The women who had been CSWs for less than 5 years had a significantly lower risk of syphilis than those who had prostituted for more than 5 years.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Hepacivirus MeSH
- hepatitida C * epidemiologie MeSH
- HIV infekce * epidemiologie MeSH
- intravenózní abúzus drog * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methamfetamin * MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- prostituce MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- riskování MeSH
- syfilis * epidemiologie MeSH
- uživatelé drog * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to explore risks associated with the gambling habits and attitudes of sport students governed by betting integrity rules. Using focus groups with male and female student rugby and football players, we identified four areas of concern. First, participants considered gambling as a ‘normal’ pastime – a largely harmless form of communal entertainment. Second, we found that participants’ gambling behaviour was influenced by marketing strategies and by peers. Third, although participants were aware of some of the potential risks of gambling, they had a limited understanding of how problem gambling and addiction might develop. Taken together, we believe these encourage gambling and increase risks of gambling related problems. The fourth concern relates to breaking integrity rules. Although we found no evidence of intentional corrupt behaviour, participants had a casual attitude towards gambling regulations, and some broke the betting rules in ways they deemed trivial. Moreover, participants did not seem to take anti-corruption education/intervention particularly seriously.
- MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- hráčství * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sportovci MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Pískovcové lezení je specifická disciplína horolezectví, u které se v pozici tzv. prvolezce objevuje vysoká míra objektivního rizika. To má vliv na psychiku lezce, na bezpečnost a na samotný výkon. Ten je doprovázen specifickým prožíváním s ambivalentními pocity a vážnými bezpečnostními riziky. Cílem studie je analyzovat incidenci úrazovosti ve vztahu k vnímání rizika a tendence vyhledávat mimořádné prožitky (SST). Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 33 vybraných prvolezců na pískovcových skalách. Použito bylo dotazníkové šetření. Zranění zažilo 24 % lezců, u 60 % ze zraněných to nezměnilo jejich další vnímání rizika a všichni se k lezení vrátili. Někteří psychicky silnější, někteří obezřetnější. Vnímánírizika se ukázalo jako odlišné od vnímání strachu. Strach pociťuje 48,5 % lezců, zatímco 88 % pociťuje riziko pádu. Dále pociťují euforii, štěstí, pocit uspokojení z překonávání limitů, pocity jistoty i nejistoty. Míra tendence vyhledávat mimořádné prožitky je u těchto lezců 24,6 v celkovém skóre SST. Vnímání rizika a s ním související úrazovost se ukázalo u pískovcového lezení jako specifické a v některých aspektech nesrovnatelné se sportovním lezením na ostatních skalách. Způsob jištění a s ním spojené nároky na psychickou i fyzickou zdatnost lezce poukazují na unikátnost této horolezecké disciplíny. To vyžaduje samostatnou pozornost.
Sandstone climbing is a specific discipline of rock climbing in which a high degree of objective risk appears when leading a route. This affects the climber's psyche, safety and sport performance itself. This is accompanied by a specific experience with ambivalent feelings and serious security risks. The aim of the study is to analyse the incidence of accidents in relation to the perception of risk and the sensation seeking tendency (SST). The research sample consists of 33 deliberately selected lead climbers. A questionnaire survey was used. 24 % of climbers experienced injury, 60 % of those injured did not change their further perception of risk and all returned to climbing again. Some of themmentally stronger, some more cautious. The perception of risk has been shown to be different from the perception of fear. 48.5% of climbers feel fear, while 88% feel the risk of falling. They also feel euphoria, happiness, a sense of satisfaction from overcoming limits, feelings of certainty and uncertainty. The level of sensation seeking tendency for the climbers is 24.6 in the total SST score. The perception of risk and the associated injury rate in sandstone climbing proved to be specific, and in some aspects incomparable to sport climbing. The method of belaying and the associated demands on the climber's mental and physical fitness point to the uniqueness of this discipline. It requires separate attention.
- Klíčová slova
- tendence vyhledávat mimořádné prožitky, skalní lezení,
- MeSH
- horolezectví * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- riskování MeSH
- sportovní úrazy MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Úvod: Koncept behaviorálnych závislostí sa týka aj používania internetu. Závislosť od internetu je jedna z najčastejšie skloňovaných nelátkových závislostí v rámci bežnej populácie. Súbor a metódy: Do predkladaného prieskumu bolo zaradených 315 hospitalizovaných pacientov so závislosťou od alkoholu, ilegálnych psychoaktívnych látok a patologickým hráčstvom. Dotazníkovou metódou bol zisťovaný výskyt závislosti od internetu a intenzita používania internetu. Výsledky: U jedného pacienta s kombinovanou látkovou závislosťou bola zistená závislosť od internetu. Najdlhšie počas dňa používali internet pacienti s patologickým hráčstvom. Záver: Zistený výskyt závislosti od internetu bol v sledovanom súbore nižší v porovnaní s inými štúdiami.
Introduction: The concept of behavioral addictions includes also internet use. Internet addiction is one of the most frequently declined nonsubstance addictions within general population. Sample and methods: The survey included 315 hospitalized patients with alcohol dependence, drug dependence and pathological gambling. The questionnaire was used to find out the prevalence of internet addiction and intensity of internet use. Results: We found internet addiction in one patient with combined substance dependence. The patients with pathological gambling used internet for the longest time within a day. Conclusion: The prevalence of internet addiction found in the survey was lower than in other studies.
- MeSH
- alkoholismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hráčství MeSH
- internet * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- závislost (psychologie) * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
