25773268 OR Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction
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BACKGROUND: The potential benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 1 year after a myocardial infarction has not been established. We investigated the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor, a P2Y12 receptor antagonist with established efficacy after an acute coronary syndrome, in this context. METHODS: We randomly assigned, in a double-blind 1:1:1 fashion, 21,162 patients who had had a myocardial infarction 1 to 3 years earlier to ticagrelor at a dose of 90 mg twice daily, ticagrelor at a dose of 60 mg twice daily, or placebo. All the patients were to receive low-dose aspirin and were followed for a median of 33 months. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The primary safety end point was Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major bleeding. RESULTS: The two ticagrelor doses each reduced, as compared with placebo, the rate of the primary efficacy end point, with Kaplan-Meier rates at 3 years of 7.85% in the group that received 90 mg of ticagrelor twice daily, 7.77% in the group that received 60 mg of ticagrelor twice daily, and 9.04% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for 90 mg of ticagrelor vs. placebo, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.96; P=0.008; hazard ratio for 60 mg of ticagrelor vs. placebo, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.95; P=0.004). Rates of TIMI major bleeding were higher with ticagrelor (2.60% with 90 mg and 2.30% with 60 mg) than with placebo (1.06%) (P<0.001 for each dose vs. placebo); the rates of intracranial hemorrhage or fatal bleeding in the three groups were 0.63%, 0.71%, and 0.60%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a myocardial infarction more than 1 year previously, treatment with ticagrelor significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke and increased the risk of major bleeding. (Funded by AstraZeneca; PEGASUS-TIMI 54 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01225562.).
- MeSH
- adenosin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky analogy a deriváty MeSH
- antagonisté purinergních receptorů P2Y aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Aspirin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- infarkt myokardu farmakoterapie MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- intrakraniální krvácení chemicky indukované MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- krvácení chemicky indukované MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
- sekundární prevence MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Délka trvání duální protidestičkové léčby po akutním koronárním syndromu je dle doporučených postupů 12 měsíců. Randomizovaná, dvojitě zaslepená, placebem kontrolovaná studie PEGASUS TIMI 54 zkoumala účinky dlouhodobého podávání ticagreloru (přidaného k léčbě kyselinou acetylsalicylovou) u pacientů 1–3 roky po akutním infarktu myokardu. Primárním kombinovaným cílovým ukazatelem účinnosti léčby bylo úmrtí z kardiovaskulárních příčin, infarkt myokardu nebo cévní mozková příhoda, jako primární cílový ukazatel bezpečnosti bylo sledováno krvácení. Celkem bylo randomizováno 21 162 pacientů rozdělených rovnoměrně do větve léčené 90 mg ticagreloru 2× denně, 60 mg ticagreloru 2× denně a do větve s placebem. Medián doby sledování byl 33 měsíců. Obě dávky ticagreloru za dobu tří let statisticky významně snížily výskyt primárního cílového ukazatele: byl zaznamenán ve větvi s ticagrelorem 2 × 90 mg u 7,85 % nemocných, u 7,77 % ve větvi s ticagrelorem 2 × 60 mg a v 9,04 % v placebové větvi (pro ticagrelor 2 × 90 mg vs. placebo byl poměr rizik – hazard ratio, HR = 0,85, interval spolehlivosti – 95% CI: 0,75–0,96; p = 0,0080; pro ticagrelor 2 × 60 mg vs. placebo HR = 0,84, 95% CI: 0,74–0,95; p = 0,0043). Takzvané velké krvácení se ve větvi s léčbou 90 mg ticagreloru vyskytlo ve 2,6 % (HR = 2,69, p < 0,001 vs. placebo), ve větvi se 60 mg ticagreloru ve 2,3 % (HR = 2,32, p < 0,001 vs. placebo), v placebové větvi v 1,06 %; obdobně v případě tzv. malého krvácení (1,31 % vs. 1,18 % vs. 0,36 %, p < 0,001). Důležité je, že výskyt intrakraniálního a fatálního krvácení ve skupině s aktivní léčbou se nelišil od skupiny s placebem a byl hluboko pod 1 %. Výsledky studie lze shrnout konstatováním, že duální protidestičková léčba ticagrelorem a kyselinou acetylsalicylovou za doporučovaný horizont 12 měsíců snižuje výskyt kardiovaskulárních komplikací, byl zaznamenán zvýšený výskyt velkého i malého krvácení, ale nedošlo ke zvýšení výskytu intrakraniálního či fatálního krvácení.
Recommended duration of the dual antiplatelet therapy following acute coronary syndrome is 12 months. Randomized, dual blinded, placebo controlled study PEGASUS TIMI 54 studied the long time treatment with ticagrelor (in combination with aspirin) in patients one to three years after acute myocardial infarction. Primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Primary safety endpoint was bleeding. All together there were 21,162 patients randomized to the arm treated with 90 mg ticagrelor bid, to the arm treated with 60 mg ticagrelor bid, and to placebo. Median follow up time was 33 months. Both dosages of ticagrelor lead to statistically significant decrease in primary endpoint rate, which was 7.85% in the 2×90mg ticagrelor group, 7.77% in the 2×60mg ticagrelor group, and 9.04% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for the comparison of ticagrelor 2×90mg vs. placebo: HR=0.85, 95% confidence interval – 95% CI: 0.75–0.96, p=0.0080; hazard ratio for the comparison of ticagrelor 2×60 mg vs. placebo: HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.95; p=0.0043). Major bleeding rate was increased both in the 90 mg ticagrelor arm (2.6%, HR 2.69, p<0.001) and in the 60 mg ticagrelor arm (2.3%, HR 2.32, p<0.001) compared to the placebo arm (1.06%). Minor bleeding rate was also increased (1.31% vs. 1.18% vs. 0.36%, respectively; p<0.001). Importantly, intracranial and fatal bleedings were very rare in all groups. It can be concluded that the dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor and aspirin is associated with decrease of cardiovascular event rate, accompanied by increased rate of both major and minor bleedings but not by increase in the intracranial or fatal bleeding rate.
- MeSH
- adenosin terapeutické užití MeSH
- akutní koronární syndrom farmakoterapie MeSH
- antagonisté purinergních receptorů P2Y * terapeutické užití MeSH
- Aspirin * terapeutické užití MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dlouhodobá péče MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- infarkt myokardu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- krvácení * diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
- příčina smrti MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- sekundární prevence * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ticagrelor MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Background Coronary stent type and risk of stent thrombosis remain important factors affecting recommended duration of dual antiplatelet therapy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of long-term ticagrelor in patients with prior coronary stenting enrolled in the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 54) trial. Methods and Results Patients in PEGASUS-TIMI 54 had a myocardial infarction 1 to 3 year prior and were randomized 1:1:1 to ticagrelor 60 or 90 mg BID or placebo. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (major adverse cardiovascular events). Stent thrombosis was prospectively adjudicated (Academic Research Consortium definition). Baseline characteristics were compared by most recent stent type (bare metal versus drug-eluting stent and first- versus later-generation drug-eluting stent). Treatment arms were compared using Cox proportional hazards models. Of 21 162 patients randomized, 80% (n=16 891) had prior coronary stenting. Following randomization, myocardial infarction was the most frequent ischemic event in patients with prior stenting in the placebo arm, occurring in 5.2% of patients (Type 1: 4.1%), followed by cardiovascular death (2.3%), stroke (1.7%), and stent thrombosis (0.9%). Ticagrelorpooled reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (7.0% versus 8.0%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-96) regardless of stent type (bare metal stent versus drug-eluting stent: pinteraction=0.767; first versus later generation: pinteraction=0.940). The rate of any stent thrombosis was numerically lower with ticagrelorpooled (0.7% versus 0.9%; HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.50-1.05) and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major bleeding was increased (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.90-3.68). Conclusions Long-term ticagrelor reduces major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with prior myocardial infarction and coronary stenting regardless of stent type, with the benefit driven predominantly by reduction in de novo events. Nonfatal major bleeding is increased with ticagrelor. Registration Information clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01225562.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * farmakoterapie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- infarkt myokardu * farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- koronární angioplastika MeSH
- krvácení chemicky indukované epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sekundární prevence MeSH
- stenty uvolňující léky * MeSH
- stenty MeSH
- ticagrelor škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- trombóza * farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: In the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 54), ticagrelor reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events when added to low-dose aspirin in stable patients with prior myocardial infarction, resulting in the approval of ticagrelor 60 mg twice daily for long-term secondary prevention. We investigated the incidence of stroke, outcomes after stroke, and the efficacy of ticagrelor focusing on the approved 60 mg twice daily dose for reducing stroke in this population. METHODS: Patients were followed for a median of 33 months. Stroke events were adjudicated by a central committee. Data from similar trials were combined using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Of 14 112 patients randomly assigned to placebo or ticagrelor 60 mg, 213 experienced a stroke; 85% of these strokes were ischemic. A total of 18% of strokes were fatal and another 15% led to either moderate or severe disability at 30 days. Ticagrelor significantly reduced the risk of stroke (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.98; P=0.034), driven by a reduction in ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-1.02). Hemorrhagic stroke occurred in 9 patients on placebo and 8 patients on ticagrelor. A meta-analysis across 4 placebo-controlled trials of more intensive antiplatelet therapy in 44 816 patients with coronary disease confirmed a marked reduction in ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.81; P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: High-risk patients with prior myocardial infarction are at risk for stroke, approximately one-third of which are fatal or lead to moderate-to-severe disability. The addition of ticagrelor 60 mg twice daily significantly reduced this risk without an excess of hemorrhagic stroke but with more major bleeding. In high-risk patients with coronary disease, more intensive antiplatelet therapy should be considered not only to reduce the risk of coronary events, but also of stroke. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT01225562.
- MeSH
- adenosin aplikace a dávkování analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- antagonisté purinergních receptorů P2Y terapeutické užití MeSH
- Aspirin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- infarkt myokardu farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů terapeutické užití MeSH
- intrakraniální krvácení prevence a kontrola MeSH
- krvácení chemicky indukované MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen farmakoterapie MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- sekundární prevence metody MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH