At present, due to the demographic changes and the rise of senior population worldwide, there is effort to prolong an active life of these people by both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. The purpose of this article is, on the basis of the literature review of recent clinical studies, to discuss one of such strategy, i.e., the effect of Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) on the cognitive functions among both the cognitively unimpaired and impaired elderly people. The methodology includes a literature review of full-text, peer-reviewed journal studies written in English and published in Web of Science and PubMed between 1 January 2016 and 28 February 2021. The findings indicate that the adherence to MedDiet has a positive effect on both cognitively impaired and unimpaired older population, especially on their memory, both in the short and long run. The results show that the higher adherence to MedDiet proves to have a better effect on global cognitive performance of older people. In addition, the adherence to MedDiet offers other benefits to older people, such as reduction of depressive symptoms, lowered frailty, as well as reduced length of hospital stays.

• MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• strava středomořská * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Current demographic trends indicate that the population is aging. The aging process is inevitably connected with cognitive decline, which manifests itself in worsening working memory, processing speed, and attention. Therefore, apart from pharmacological therapies, non-pharmacological approaches which can influence cognitive performance (such as physical activities or healthy diet), are being investigated. The purpose of this study is to explore the types of nutritional interventions and their benefits in the prevention and delay of cognitive delay in healthy older individuals. The methods used in this study include a literature review of the available studies on the research topic found in Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The findings show that nutritional intervention has a positive impact on cognitive function in healthy older people. However, it seems that the interactions between more than one nutrient are most effective. The results reveal that specifically the Mediterranean diet appears to be effective in this respect. Moreover, the findings also indicate that multi-domain interventions including diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring have a far more significant effect on the enhancement of cognitive functions among healthy older individuals.

• MeSH
• chování snižující riziko MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce diagnóza   patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• kognitivní stárnutí psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční stav * MeSH
• ochranné faktory MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• strava středomořská MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zdravá strava * MeSH
• zdravé stárnutí psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Práce podává přehled současných názorů na úlohu nutrice v udržení kognitivních funkcí ve vyšším věku. Soustřeďuje se především na nutriční strategie, které na základě klinických studií potvrzují účinnost suplementace vybraných nutrientů a diet na prevenci kognitivního poklesu u běžné starší populace bez kognitivní poruchy, u pacientů s demencí a Alzheimerovou chorobou a u nemocných s mírnou kognitivní poruchou.

The article reviews current views on the effect of nutrition on maintaining cognitive functions in old age. It focuses mainly on nutritional strategies based on clinical studies which support the effectiveness of selected nutrients supplementation and diets on prevention of cognitive decline in cognitively intact general older population, in patients with dementia and Alzheimer´s disease and in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

• MeSH
• alkoholické nápoje MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc dietoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• demence dietoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• fyziologie výživy seniorů MeSH
• karotenoidy MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy * dietoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• strava středomořská MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH
• zdravé chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Currently, there is an increase in the number of the world's aging population. This aging process is often connected with cognitive decline of some functions such as memory or speed processing loss. Since Alzheimer's disease cannot be cured yet, considerable efforts are being made to at least delay this cognitive decline among elderly in order to maintain and prolong the quality of their life. This can also be achieved by non-pharmacological approaches such as performing physical activities, cognitive training, or adhering to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). One of the components of MedDiet - extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) - has considerable health benefits. The purpose of this review is to examine the effect of EVOO intake on the delay of cognitive decline among the elderly. The methodology is based on a literature review of available sources found on the research topic in three acknowledged databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the regular intake of EVOO is associated with enhanced cognitive functions, which means that this oil may have a neuroprotective effect and could positively prevent the development of dementia, especially Alzheimer's dementia. It is believed that secoiridoid oleuropein is responsible for this effectiveness. Furthermore, there is also a need of more randomized controlled studies or longitudinal observational studies to be performed to confirm the efficacy of the beneficial health effect of EVOO on the delay of cognitive decline.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH