In atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, reduced time for ventricular filling and loss of atrial contribution lead to a significant reduction in cardiac output, resulting in cardiogenic shock. This may also occur during catheter ablation in 11% of overall procedures and is associated with increased mortality. Managing cardiogenic shock and (supra) ventricular arrhythmias is particularly challenging. Inotropic support may exacerbate tachyarrhythmias or accelerate heart rate; antiarrhythmic drugs often come with negative inotropic effects, and electrical reconversions may risk worsening circulatory failure or even cardiac arrest. The drop in native cardiac output during an arrhythmic storm can be partly covered by the insertion of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices guaranteeing end-organ perfusion. This provides physicians a time window of stability to investigate the underlying cause of arrhythmia and allow proper therapeutic interventions (e.g., percutaneous coronary intervention and catheter ablation). Temporary MCS can be used in the case of overt hemodynamic decompensation or as a "preemptive strategy" to avoid circulatory instability during interventional cardiology procedures in high-risk patients. Despite the increasing use of MCS in cardiogenic shock and during catheter ablation procedures, the recommendation level is still low, considering the lack of large observational studies and randomized clinical trials. Therefore, the evidence on the timing and the kinds of MCS devices has also scarcely been investigated. In the current review, we discuss the available evidence in the literature and gaps in knowledge on the use of MCS devices in the setting of ventricular arrhythmias and arrhythmic storms, including a specific focus on pathophysiology and related therapies.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Catheter ablation (CA) has become an established treatment strategy for managing recurrent ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in patients with structural heart disease. In recent years, percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (PMCS) devices have been increasingly used intra-operatively to improve the ablation outcome. One indication would be rescue therapy for patients who develop haemodynamic deterioration during the ablation. However, more efforts are focused on identifying subjects who are at high risk of such deterioration and could benefit from the pre-emptive use of the PMCS. The third reason to use PMCS could be the inability to identify diffuse substrate, especially in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. This paper reviews available experiences using various types of PMCS in different clinical scenarios. Although PMCS allows mapping during VT, it does not significantly influence acute outcomes and not convincingly long-term outcomes. On the contrary, the complication rate appears to be higher in PMCS cohorts. Our data suggest that even in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, the substrate modification can be performed without the need for general anaesthesia and risk of haemodynamic decompensation. In end-stage heart failure associated with the electrical storm, implantation of a left ventricular assist device (or PMCS with a transition to the left ventricular assist device) might be the preferred strategy before CA. In high-risk patients who are not potential candidates for these treatment options, radiotherapy could be considered as a bail-out treatment of recurrent VTs. These approaches should be studied in prospective trials.

• MeSH
• hemodynamika MeSH
• katetrizační ablace * metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• komorová tachykardie * chirurgie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podpůrné srdeční systémy * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• srdeční selhání patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Congestive heart failure (HF) is a progressive affliction defined as the inability of the heart to sufficiently maintain blood flow. Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are common in patients with HF, and conversely, advanced HF promotes the risk of VAs. Management of VA in HF requires a systematic, multimodality approach that comprises optimization of medical therapy and use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and/or device combined with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Catheter ablation is one of the most important strategies with the potential to abolish or decrease the number of recurrences of VA in this population. It can be a curative strategy in arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy and may even save lives in cases of an electrical storm. Additionally, modulation of the autonomic nervous system and stereotactic radiotherapy have been introduced as novel methods to control refractory VAs. In patients with end-stage HF and refractory VAs, an institution of the mechanical circulatory support device and cardiac transplant may be considered. This review aims to provide an overview of current evidence regarding management strategies of VAs in HF with an emphasis on interventional treatment.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The use of short-term mechanical circulatory support during postcardiotomy acute heart failure provides an opportunity to stabilize the patient's hemodynamic state while determining the best long-term strategy. Because all of these devices require anticoagulation treatment of various intensities, management of major bleeding can be critical for the overall outcome of the therapy. In this regard, the newest generation of magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow pumps affords several potential advantages in terms of thrombogenicity and eventual discontinuation of anticoagulation treatment. We report the use of a short-term biventricular assist device (Levitronix CentriMag) for 94 days in a 55-year-old man with refractory ventricular arrhythmias after combined heart surgery. Despite serious complications while the patient was on the assist device, including severe intestinal bleeding with the necessity of discontinuing anticoagulation for 10 days and, ultimately, hemicolectomy, the circulatory support was completed with successful heart transplantation.

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• gastrointestinální krvácení komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci střev komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• podpůrné srdeční systémy MeSH
• srdeční selhání komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: For patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA), factors associated with progression to end-stage congestive heart failure (CHF) remain largely unclear. METHODS: This multicentre, retrospective cohort study included adults with ccTGA seen at a congenital heart disease centre. Clinical data from initial and most recent visits were obtained. The composite primary outcome was mechanical circulatory support, heart transplantation, or death. RESULTS: From 558 patients (48% female, age at first visit 36 ± 14.2 years, median follow-up 8.7 years), the event rate of the primary outcome was 15.4 per 1000 person-years (11 mechanical circulatory support implantations, 12 transplantations, and 52 deaths). Patients experiencing the primary outcome were older and more likely to have a history of atrial arrhythmia. The primary outcome was highest in those with both moderate/severe right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation (n = 110, 31 events) and uncommon in those with mild/less RV dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation (n = 181, 13 events, P < .001). Outcomes were not different based on anatomic complexity and history of tricuspid valve surgery or of subpulmonic obstruction. New CHF admission or ventricular arrhythmia was associated with the primary outcome. Individuals who underwent childhood surgery had more adverse outcomes than age- and sex-matched controls. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified older age, prior CHF admission, and severe RV dysfunction as independent predictors for the primary outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ccTGA have variable deterioration to end-stage heart failure or death over time, commonly between their fifth and sixth decades. Predictors include arrhythmic and CHF events and severe RV dysfunction but not anatomy or need for tricuspid valve surgery.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dysfunkce pravé srdeční komory * komplikace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• srdeční selhání * komplikace   MeSH
• transpozice velkých cév * komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• trikuspidální insuficience * komplikace   MeSH
• vrozeně korigovaná transpozice velkých tepen MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Kardiogenní šok (KŠ) je závažný stav systémové hypoperfuze v důsledku poškození srdce jako pumpy, často vedoucí k multiorgánovému selhání. Nejčastější příčinou KŠ je selhání LK v důsledku rozsáhlého akutního infarktu myokardu (AIM), mezi další příčiny KŠ patří např. mechanické komplikace AIM, infarkt pravé komory, terminální fáze kardiomyopatií, arytmie, akutní fulminantní myokarditida a stavy po srdeční zástavě. Mortalita KŠ jako komplikace AIM je stále i přes časnou revaskularizaci kolem 50 %, a patří tak mezi hlavní příčiny úmrtí u nemocných s AIM. Každého nemocného se známkami KŠ je doporučeno přeložit do kardiocentra, umožňujícího okamžité provedení selektivní koronarografie a případné revaskularizace pomocí PCI po 24 hodin a se specializovanou intenzivní péčí o tyto nemocné s možností zavedení krátkodobé – akutní mechanické srdeční podpory (AMSP). Přestože se v léčbě nevyhneme použití inotropních a vazopresorických léků, jejich podávání po delší dobu vede k závažným nežádoucím důsledkům, jako je vznik komorových i síňových arytmií, zvýšení spotřeby kyslíku myokardem, přímý toxický efekt na kardiomyocyty a zhoršení přežívání. Z těchto důvodů narůstá použití krátkodobých, perkutánně zaváděných AMSP. Zatím nejasné zůstávají klíčové otázky jako načasování a klinický práh pro zavedení AMSP, výběr nemocných a výběr typu podpory k ovlivnění mortality. Zkušenosti s časnějším použitím MSP u nemocných v terminálním stadiu chronického srdečního selhání, které vedlo ke zlepšení jejich přežívání, podporují tuto úvahu i u nemocných s KŠ v důsledku AIM. Vytvoření specializovaného týmu odborníků pro léčbu KŠ s multioborovou organizací je dobrým předpokladem racionální léčby a lepších výsledků, podobně jako u jiných životohrožujících stavů.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a serious condition of systemic hypoperfusion due to impaired cardiac pump function, often resulting inmultiple organ failure. The most common cause of CS is left ventricular failure resulting from extensive acute myocardial infarction(AMI); other causes of CS include mechanical complications of AMI, right ventricular infarction, terminal-stage cardiomyopathy,arrhythmias, acute fulminant myocarditis, and post-cardiac arrest states. Despite early revascularization, the mortality of CS asa complication of AMI remains to be around 50%, making it one of the leading causes of death among the patients with AMI.Every patient with signs and symptoms of CS should be transferred to a specialist heart centre, allowing to perform immediateselective coronary angiography and possible revascularization using PCI for 24 hours and having specialist intensive care forthese patients with a possibility to provide short-term acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS). Although the use of inotropicand vasopressor agents cannot be avoided, their long-term administration leads to severe adverse consequences, includingthe development of both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, direct toxic effect oncardiomyocytes, and worse survival. For these reasons, the use of short-term percutaneous AMCS has been increasing. The issueof timing and of the most suitable type of this support in order to affect mortality remains unclear so far. Experience with an earlyuse of MCS in patients with terminal stage of chronic heart failure that resulted in improved survival also supports this notion inthose with CS due to AMI. The development of a specialized team of experts for the management of CS with a multidisciplinaryorganization is a reasonable condition for rational treatment and better outcomes, as in other life-threatening conditions.

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky kardiovaskulární využití   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu * diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• kardiocentra * organizace a řízení   trendy   využití   MeSH
• kardiogenní šok * diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární látky aplikace a dávkování   klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• koronární angiografie metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• mezioborová komunikace MeSH
• podpůrné srdeční systémy trendy   využití   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• srdeční selhání diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: For patients with d-loop transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with a systemic right ventricle after an atrial switch operation, there is a need to identify risks for end-stage heart failure outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The authors aimed to determine factors associated with survival in a large cohort of such individuals. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included adults with d-TGA and prior atrial switch surgery seen at a congenital heart center. Clinical data from initial and most recent visits were obtained. The composite primary outcome was death, transplantation, or mechanical circulatory support (MCS). RESULTS: From 1,168 patients (38% female, age at first visit 29 ± 7.2 years) during a median 9.2 years of follow-up, 91 (8.8% per 10 person-years) met the outcome (66 deaths, 19 transplantations, 6 MCS). Patients experiencing sudden/arrhythmic death were younger than those dying of other causes (32.6 ± 6.4 years vs 42.4 ± 6.8 years; P < 0.001). There was a long duration between sentinel clinical events and end-stage heart failure. Age, atrial arrhythmia, pacemaker, biventricular enlargement, systolic dysfunction, and tricuspid regurgitation were all associated with the primary outcome. Independent 5-year predictors of primary outcome were prior ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure admission, complex anatomy, QRS duration >120 ms, and severe right ventricle dysfunction based on echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS: For most adults with d-TGA after atrial switch, progress to end-stage heart failure or death is slow. A simplified prediction score for 5-year adverse outcome is derived to help identify those at greatest risk.

• MeSH
• arterie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• korekce transpozice velkých arterií * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• srdeční selhání * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• transpozice velkých cév * chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH