Statiny jsou všeobecně uznávaná hypolipidemika, která v důsledku inhibice reduktázy hydroxymetylglutaryl koenzymu A inhibují syntézu. Významně snižují kardiovaskulární riziko. S jejich užíváním se pojí i nežádoucí účinky, které bývají závažné jen ve vzácných případech. Nezdravý životní styl, obezita, elevace krevních lipidů však nepoškozuje pouze kardiovaskulární aparát. Aktuálním tématem vnitřního lékařství je nealkoholové ztukovatění jater (NAFLD). Jsou uvedeny pleiotropní účinky statinů, které by v budoucnu mohly být využity v terapii tohoto onemocnění. Poslední studie naznačují, že podávání statinů u pacientů s NAFLD je výhodné.
Statins are widely accepted hypolipidemics that work by inhibiting hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and thereby inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. They significantly reduce cardiovascular risk. Their use could be associated with side effects, which are serious only in rare cases. However, an unhealthy lifestyle, obesity, and elevation of blood lipids do not only damage the cardiovascular system. The current topic not only in hepatology is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – NAFLD. The aim of this article is, among others, to draw attention to the pleiotropic effects of statins, which could be used in the treatment of this disease in the future. Recent studies have suggested that the administration of statins to patients with NAFLD is beneficial.
Česko stále patří k evropským zemím s nadprůměrnou spotřebou etanolu, což má negativní vliv jak na somatické, tak mentální funkce jejích obyvatel. Vede to u nich k rozvoji syndromu závislosti na alkoholu, odvykacím stavům, psychosociálním problémům a prokazatelně se to podílí na poškození mnoha orgánů. Jako denní „tolerovaná“ dávka je považováno do 20 g čistého alkoholu u žen a do 30 g téhož u mužů. Pravidelné užívání jeho vyšších dávek vede k různě závažnému poškození jater. Jeho prvním stupněm je klinicky nezávažná steatóza, která při pokračujícím abúzu progreduje ve steatohepatitidu a jaterní fibrózu. Jeho konečným stádiem je ireverzibilní jaterní cirhóza. Závažným stavem je i alkoholová hepatitida. Základním terapeutickým opatřením je v těchto případech absolutní abstinence. Léčba těchto nemocných je dlouhá, komplikovaná a jako nejúčinnější se jeví multidisciplinární přístup. Jedinou léčebnou modalitou u pacientů s pokročilou jaterní cirhózou a prokazatelnou dlouhodobou abstinencí je transplantace jater.
The Czech Republic is still one of the European countries with above-average alcohol consumption. Excessive consumption has a dual effect – it affects the soul and body, leads to the development of alcohol dependence, withdrawal symptoms, psychosocial problems, significantly contributes to the damage of multiple organs. The "tolerable" dose is up to 20 g of pure alcohol per day for women and 30 g of alcohol per day for men. Regular use of higher doses leads to liver damage of varying severity. The first stage of damage is clinically insignificant steatosis, which progresses to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis as abuse continues. The end stage is irreversible liver cirrhosis. Alcoholic hepatitis is also a serious condition. The basic therapeutic measure is absolute abstinence. The treatment of these patients is long, complicated and a multidisciplinary approach seems to be the most effective. The only treatment modality in patients with liver cirrhosis and long-term abstinence is liver transplantation.
- MeSH
- alkoholická cirhóza jater * patologie terapie MeSH
- alkoholická hepatitida patologie terapie MeSH
- alkoholická steatóza jater * patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Paracetamol (acetaminofen) je od 80. let 20. století jedním z nejoblíbenějších analgetik a antipyretik, které lze užít i u osob, které ostatní analgetika netolerují. Stal se tak jedním z nejužívanějších léků vůbec. Každá mince má dvě strany, tou odvrácenou u paracetamolu je, že předávkování vede k poškození jater, popřípadě ledvin. V rozvinutém světě jsou intoxikace paracetamolem jednou z nejčastějších příčin akutního jaterního selhání. Ačkoliv se hepatotoxicita paracetamolu dostává do povědomí lidí, případů předávkování v České republice podle dotazů na Toxikologické informační středisko (TIS) přibývá. V letech 2020–2022 poskytl TIS celkem 1 712 konzultací u pacientů předávkovaných paracetamolem, což představovalo 6,5 % všech dotazů na léky. Za toxickou dávku se považuje množství větší než 200 mg/kg tělesné hmotnosti nebo více než 10 g. Efektivní, bezpečnou a levnou léčbou je antidotum N-acetylcystein. Doporučení na jeho dávkování se mění. O indikaci rozhoduje také hladina paracetamolu v séru, stanovena nejdříve za 4 hodiny po požití tablet. Hlavním cílem této práce je popsat aktuální doporučený postup při intoxikaci paracetamolem. Při včasné terapii je N-acetylcystein vysoce účinným antidotem a hepatocelulární i renální léze je reverzibilní.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has been one of the most popular analgesics and antipyretics since the 1980s, which can be used even by people who cannot tolerate other analgesics. It thus became one of the most widely used medicines ever. Every coin has two sides, the flip side of paracetamol is that an overdose leads to damage of the liver or kidneys. In the developed world, paracetamol intoxication is one of the most common causes of acute liver failure. Although the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol is becoming known to people, overdose cases in the Czech Republic are increasing according to inquiries to the Toxicology Information Center (TIC). In 2020–2022, TIC provided a total of 1,712 consultations for paracetamol overdose patients, which represented 6.5% of all drug inquiries. An amount greater than 200 mg/kg of body weight, or more than 10 g, is considered as a toxic dose. An effective, safe, and inexpensive treatment is the antidote N-acetylcysteine. Recommendations for its dosage vary. The indication is also determined by the level of paracetamol in the serum, collected no earlier than 4 hours after taking the tablets. The main message of this work is to describe the current recommended procedure for paracetamol intoxication. With early therapy, N-acetylcysteine is a highly effective antidote, and both hepatocellular and renal lesions are reversible.
- MeSH
- acetylcystein aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- hospitalizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paracetamol * otrava toxicita MeSH
- pokus o sebevraždu statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- předávkování léky * farmakoterapie patofyziologie patologie terapie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- ukládání a vyhledávání informací metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Delays in treatment seeking and antivenom administration remain problematic for snake envenoming. We aimed to describe the treatment seeking pattern and delays in admission to hospital and administration of antivenom in a cohort of authenticated snakebite patients. Adults (> 16 years), who presented with a confirmed snakebite from August 2013 to October 2014 were recruited from Anuradhapura Hospital. Demographic data, information on the circumstances of the bite, first aid, health-seeking behaviour, hospital admission, clinical features, outcomes and antivenom treatment were documented prospectively. There were 742 snakebite patients [median age: 40 years (IQR:27-51; males: 476 (64%)]. One hundred and five (14%) patients intentionally delayed treatment by a median of 45min (IQR:20-120min). Antivenom was administered a median of 230min (IQR:180-360min) post-bite, which didn't differ between directly admitted and transferred patients; 21 (8%) receiving antivenom within 2h and 141 (55%) within 4h of the bite. However, transferred patients received antivenom sooner after admission to Anuradhapura hospital than those directly admitted (60min [IQR:30-120min] versus 120min [IQR:52-265min; p<0.0001]). A significantly greater proportion of transferred patients had features of systemic envenoming on admission compared to those directly admitted (166/212 [78%] versus 5/43 [12%]; p<0.0001), and had positive clotting tests on admission (123/212 [58%] versus 10/43 [23%]; p<0.0001). Sri Lankan snakebite patients present early to hospital, but there remains a delay until antivenom administration. This delay reflects a delay in the appearance of observable or measurable features of envenoming and a lack of reliable early diagnostic tests. Improved early antivenom treatment will require reliable, rapid diagnostics for systemic envenoming.
- MeSH
- antiveniny terapeutické užití MeSH
- čas zasáhnout při rozvinutí nemoci statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hadí jedy * MeSH
- hadi MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- první pomoc MeSH
- uštknutí hadem diagnóza epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- venkovské obyvatelstvo MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Srí Lanka MeSH
Context: The influence of co-morbid conditions on the outcome of acute methanol poisoning in mass poisoning outbreaks is not known.Objective: The objective of this is to study the impact of burden of co-morbidities, complications, and methanol-induced brain lesions on hospital, follow-up, and total mortality.Methods: All patients hospitalized with methanol poisoning during a mass poisoning outbreak were followed in a prospective cohort study until death or final follow-up after 6 years. The age-adjusted Charlson co-morbidity index (ACCI) score was calculated for each patient. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to calculate the adjusted hazards ratio (HR) for death. The survival was modeled using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: Of 108 patients (mean age with SD 50.9 ± 2.6 years), 24 (54.4 ± 5.9 years) died during hospitalization (mean survival with SD 8 ± 4 days) and 84 (49.9 ± 3.0 years; p = .159) were discharged, including 27 with methanol-induced brain lesions. Of the discharged patients, 15 (56.3 ± 6.8 years) died during the follow-up (mean survival 37 ± 11 months) and 69 (48.5 ± 3.3 years; p = .044) survived. The hospital mortality was 22%, the follow-up mortality was 18%; the total mortality was 36%. Cardiac/respiratory arrest, acute respiratory failure, multiorgan failure syndrome, and arterial hypotension increased the HR for hospital and total (but not follow-up) mortality after adjustment for age, sex, and arterial pH (all p < .05). All patients who died in the hospital had at least one complication. A higher ACCI score was associated with greater total mortality (HR 1.22; 1.00-1.48 95% CI; p = .046). Of those who died, 35 (90%) had a moderate-to-high ACCI. The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that patients with a high ACCI had greater follow-up mortality compared to ones with low (p = .027) or moderate (p = .020) scores. For the patients who died during follow-up, cancers of different localizations were responsible for 7/15 (47%) of the deaths.Conclusions: The character and number of complications affected hospital but not follow-up mortality, while the burden of co-morbidities affected follow-up mortality. Methanol-induced brain lesions did not affect follow-up mortality. Relatively high cancer mortality rate may be associated with acute exposure to metabolic formaldehyde produced by methanol oxidation.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- formaldehyd metabolismus otrava MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- methanol farmakokinetika otrava MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mortalita v nemocnicích * MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- otrava epidemiologie mortalita MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Basal ganglia lesions are typical findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in survivors of acute methanol poisoning. However, no data are available on the association between the magnitude of damaged brain regions, serum concentrations of markers of acute methanol toxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the rate of retinal nerve ganglion cell loss. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between MRI-based volumetry of the basal ganglia, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and prognostic laboratory markers of outcomes in acute methanol poisoning. METHODS: MRI-based volumetry of putamen, nucleus caudatus and globus pallidus was performed and compared with laboratory parameters of severity of poisoning and acute serum markers of oxidative damage of lipids (8-isoprostan, MDA, HHE, HNE), nucleic acids (8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 5-OHMU), proteins (o-Thyr, NO-Thyr, Cl-Thyr) and leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, LTB4), as well as with the results of RNFL measurements by optic coherence tomography (OCT) in 16 patients with acute methanol poisoning (Group I) and in 28 survivors of poisoning two years after discharge with the same markers measured within the follow-up examination (Group II). The control group consisted of 28 healthy subjects without methanol poisoning. RESULTS: The survivors of acute methanol poisoning had significantly lower volumes of basal ganglia than the controls. The patients with MRI signs of methanol-induced toxic brain damage had significantly lower volumes of basal ganglia than those without these signs. A positive correlation was found between the volume of putamen and arterial blood pH on admission (r = 0.45; p = 0.02 and r = 0.44; p = 0.02 for left and right putamen, correspondingly). A negative correlation was present between the volumes of putamen and acute serum lactate (r = -0.63; p < 0.001 and r = -0.59; p = 0.01), creatinine (r = -0.53; p = 0.01 and r = -0.47; p = 0.01) and glucose (r = -0.55; p < 0.001 and r = -0.50; p = 0.01) concentrations. The volume of basal ganglia positively correlated with acute concentrations of markers of lipoperoxidation (8-isoprostan: r = 0.61; p < 0.05 and r = 0.59; p < 0.05 for left and right putamen, correspondingly) and inflammation (leukotriene LTB4: r = 0.61; p < 0.05 and r = 0.61; p < 0.05 for left and right putamen, correspondingly). The higher the volume of the basal ganglia, the higher the thickness of the RNFL, with the strongest positive association between global RNFL and the volume of putamen bilaterally (all p < 0.01). In the follow-up markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, only o-Thyr concentration negatively correlated with the volume of putamen bilaterally (r = -0.39; p < 0.05 and r = -0.37; p < 0.05 for left and right putamen, correspondingly). CONCLUSION: In survivors of acute methanol poisoning with signs of toxic brain damage, the magnitude of affected areas correlated with acute parameters of severity of poisoning, markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. There was a positive association between the basal ganglia volume and the thickness of RNFL, making OCT an important screening test and MRI-based volumetry the confirmative diagnostic method for the detection of CNS sequelae of methanol poisoning.
- MeSH
- bazální ganglia diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- mediátory zánětu krev MeSH
- methanol otrava MeSH
- nervová vlákna účinky léků MeSH
- optická koherentní tomografie * MeSH
- otrava krev diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- retina diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Methanol is a widely used industrial short-chain aliphatic alcohol with known neurotoxic properties. Mass poisoning outbreaks due to the consumption of methanol-adulterated alcoholic drinks present a challenge to healthcare providers due to the high mortality and serious central nervous system (CNS) damage in survivors. However, the impact of methanol exposure on the peripheral nervous system is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of acute methanol exposure in the development of peripheral polyneuropathy (PNP) during the years following discharge from the hospital. METHODS: A total of 55 patients with confirmed methanol poisoning (mean age of 47.9 ± 3.6 years; 9 females) were examined 4 times within a 6-year prospective longitudinal cohort study. The program included neurological and electromyographic examinations, visual evoked potentials, ocular examinations with retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measurements, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and a series of biochemical and toxicological tests. RESULTS: PNP was observed in 20/55 (36 %) patients, which, in most of the cases, was mild axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. In 8/55 (15 %) patients, worsening of electromyographic findings was registered during the follow-up period, including 5 cases with newly diagnosed PNP and 3 cases of PNP progression. In one subject, complete reversal of PNP was registered after cessation of alcohol intake. The patients with PNP were significantly older (57.3 ± 5.3 versus 42.5 ± 3.9 years; p < 0.001), with higher blood glucose (5.93 ± 0.97 versus 4.81 ± 0.32 mmol/L; p = 0.035) and lower vitamin B1 (45.5 ± 7.4 versus 57.5 ± 5.2 ug/L; p = 0.015) concentrations. The number of chronic alcohol abusers was significantly higher in the PNP group (17/20 versus 20/35; p = 0.034). No associations between PNP prevalence/ dynamics and acute parameters of poisoning severity, arterial blood pH (7.26 ± 0.07 with PNP versus 7.18 ± 0.09 without PNP; p = 0.150), or serum methanol (1320.0 ± 700.0 with PNP versus 1430.0 ± 510.0 mg/L without PNP; p = 0.813) and ethanol (460.0 ± 560.0 with PNP versus 340.0 ± 230.0 mg/L without PNP; p = 0.675) concentrations at admission were found. No difference in the number of patients with visual (9/20 with PNP versus 12/35 patients without PNP; p = 0.431) and CNS sequelae (9/20 with PNP versus 15/35 patients without PNP; p = 0.877) of poisoning was present. DISCUSSION: Despite the relatively high number of PNP cases, no association was found between the severity of acute methanol poisoning and the prevalence of PNP and its dynamics during six years of observation. We did not find an association between methanol-induced visual/ brain damage and the prevalence of PNP in survivors of poisoning. A high prevalence of PNP and its progression might be attributed to other causes, mainly a history of chronic alcohol abuse and insufficiently treated diabetes mellitus. Our results highlight the importance of complete cessation of alcohol consumption and better control of glycaemia in diabetic patients in the prevention and treatment of peripheral PNP.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- methanol otrava MeSH
- nemoci periferního nervového systému chemicky indukované diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- otrava diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Purpose: The effect of acute methanol poisoning on the follow-up quality of life of survivors in mass poisoning outbreaks is not known. The objective of this is to study the impact of visual and central nervous system (CNS) sequelae of methanol poisoning on long-term health-related quality of life (QoL) of survivors, its clinical determinants, and dynamics.Materials and methods: A total of 54 patients with confirmed methanol poisoning (mean age 46.7 ± 13.4 years, 9 females) were examined consequently three times within six-year prospective cohort study and compared to 23 controls with the history of chronic alcohol abuse. The following tests were performed: SF-36 QoL questionnaire, visual evoked potentials (VEP) of optic nerve, ocular examination with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurement, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and biochemical and toxicological tests.Results: Acute methanol poisoning led to significant decrease in physical component summary (PCS) compared to PCS of age-adjusted controls (mean score with SD 46.8 ± 11.0 versus 52.3 ± 9.4 points; p = .003). In 17/40 (42.5%) patients with three rounds of examination, signs of severe disability (≤30 points in at least one score) were present six years after discharge, with negative dynamics of PCS score during the observation period. The patients with abnormal RNFL thickness had lower PCS (mean difference 10.5 points; 95%CI 3.5-17.5, p = .004) and mental component summary score (9.5 points; 95%CI 1.9-17.1, p = .015) compared to the patients with normal RNFL. Signs of physical and mental adaptation to long-term visual sequelae were registered with gradual reduction of difference in most of physical and mental components scores compared to the patients with normal RNFL during six years of observation. Signs of hemorrhagic brain lesions were associated with permanent decrease of PCS score (mean difference 7.4 points; 95%CI 0.6-14.0; p = .033), bodily pain (8.7 points; 95%CI 1.6-17.6; p = .018), and social functioning (8.2 points; 95%CI 3.0-17.4; p = .005) six years after discharge. No effect of type of antidote (fomepizole versus ethanol) and extracorporeal enhanced elimination modality (intermittent hemodialysis versus continuous renal replacement therapy) applied in hospital on long-term QoL was found (all p > .05).Conclusion: Acute methanol poisoning was associated with a significant decrease of health-related quality of life of survivors persisting for at least six years after discharge. The more pronounced decrease in QoL scores was observed in the patients with hemorrhagic brain lesions and visual sequelae of poisoning with abnormal RNFL thickness.
- MeSH
- alkoholismus komplikace MeSH
- antidota aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby * MeSH
- ethanol aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- fomepizol aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kvalita života * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- methanol otrava MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- přežívající MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- retina patologie MeSH
- zrakové evokované potenciály MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
CONTEXT: Methanol poisoning induces acute optic neuropathy with possible long-term visual damage. OBJECTIVE: To study the dynamics and key determinants of visual pathway functional changes during 4 years after acute methanol poisoning. METHODS: A total of 42 patients with confirmed methanol poisoning (mean age 45.7 ± 4.4 years) were examined 4.9 ± 0.6, 25.0 ± 0.6, and 49.9 ± 0.5 months after discharge. The following tests were performed: visual evoked potential (VEP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurement, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), complete ocular examination, biochemical tests, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotyping. RESULTS: Abnormal VEP P1 latency was registered in 18/42 right eyes (OD) and 21/42 left eyes (OS), abnormal N1P1 amplitude in 10/42 OD and OS. Mean P1 latency shortening during the follow-up was 15.0 ± 2.0 ms for 36/42 (86%) OD and 14.9 ± 2.4 ms for 35/42 (83%) OS, with maximum shortening up to 35.0 ms. No significant change of mean N1P1 amplitude was registered during follow-up. A further decrease in N1P1 amplitude ≥1.0 mcV in at least one eye was observed in 17 of 36 patients (47%) with measurable amplitude (mean decrease -1.11 ± 0.83 (OD)/-2.37 ± 0.66 (OS) mcV versus -0.06 ± 0.56 (OD)/-0.83 ± 0.64 (OS) mcV in the study population; both p < .001). ApoE4 allele carriers had lower global and temporal RNFL thickness and longer initial P1 latency compared to the non-carriers (all p < .05). The odds ratio for abnormal visual function was 8.92 (3.00-36.50; 95%CI) for ApoE4 allele carriers (p < .001). The presence of ApoE4 allele was further associated with brain necrotic lesions (r = 0.384; p = .013) and brain hemorrhages (r = 0.395; p = .011). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement of optic nerve conductivity occurred in more than 80% of patients, but evoked potential amplitude tended to decrease during the 4 years of observation. ApoE4 allele carriers demonstrated lower RNFL thickness, longer P1 latency, and more frequent methanol-induced brain damage compared to non-carriers.
- MeSH
- apolipoprotein E4 genetika MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- frekvence genu MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- methanol otrava MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- nemoci zrakového nervu chemicky indukované diagnóza genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- nervus opticus účinky léků patofyziologie MeSH
- poruchy zraku chemicky indukované diagnóza genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- reakční čas MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- zrak účinky léků genetika MeSH
- zrakové evokované potenciály MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
