The use of local therapy with antibiotics in a suitable carrier is essential in the treatment and prevention of infections in orthopedic surgery and traumatology. In our orthopedic surgery department, a synthetic calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·1⁄2H2O) is used as an antibiotic carrier, enabling the application of most types of intravenous antibiotics in the form of powder and liquid. This type of carrier with antibiotics is prepared in the theater during the procedure. During a surgical procedure, a small dead space is created (hand and foot area), which must be filled with an antibiotic carrier, and the situations arise where a large amount of the carrier is not used and thrown away. Therefore, we verified the efficacy of vancomycin in the pre-prepared carrier by an orientation microbiological method and by measuring the concentrations of the vancomycin released in active form and its two crystalline degradation products. Based on the agar diffusion test, we did not measure any difference in the effectiveness of the antibiotic in the carrier after its 12-day storage. Although vancomycin concentrations decreased by approximately 32% at the end of 12 days of storage, the concentrations of the released active form of vancomycin are many times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the calcium sulfate carrier with vancomycin can be prepared several days in advance before its application, certainly up to 12 days.
OBJECTIVES: Broad-range PCR has the potential to detect virtually any bacterial species via amplification and nucleotide sequencing of a DNA region common to all bacteria. We aimed to evaluate its usefulness and clinical relevance when applied to a wide variety of primary sterile materials. METHODS: A prospective study including 1370 samples (75 heart valves, 151 joint tissue samples, 230 joint aspirates, 848 whole blood samples and 66 culture-negative cerebrospinal fluid samples) were studied by using a commercial PCR system for detecting 16S rDNA (Molzym). The PCR results were compared with culture and were considered to provide added diagnostic value only if the PCR approach revealed new pathogens that were missed by culture. RESULTS: The added value of PCR was evident in 173 of 555 PCR-positive samples (0.126; 0.109-0.144 (proportion from all tested samples; 95% confidence interval)), most frequently in examinations of heart valves (0.56; 0.448-0.672) and joint tissue samples (0.219; 0.153-0.284). In contrast, the lowest rate of PCR with added value was noted for blood samples, regardless of the patient cohort they had been drawn from (nononcologic patients from intensive care: 0.065; 0.043-0.087, haematooncologic children: 0.048; 0.027-0.070). Moreover, PCR missed up to 7.1% of blood culture findings (0.071; 0.048-0.095) regarded as clinically relevant, which was the second highest failure rate after joint tissue samples (0.099; 0.052-0.147). CONCLUSIONS: Broad-range PCR substantially increases detection rate of pathogens, especially from heart valves and joint samples. However, a concurrent risk of false-negative PCR results justifies the need for parallel culture.
- MeSH
- bakteriální infekce diagnóza MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky metody MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární metody MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Nocardiosis is a rare infection caused by the aerobic actinomycete of the Nocardia genus. In most cases, nocardiosis manifests as a lung infection or a bone lesion. Due to the nonspecific and mild clinical manifestations of nocardiosis, the establishment of definite diagnosis can be difficult. When antibiotic therapy is incorrectly targeted, only the symptoms of the disease are suppressed. The mainstay in the treatment of Nocardia osteomyelitis has so far been the combined surgical debridement with long-term, initially intravenous, antibiotic administration. We present the successful conservative treatment of a nocardiosis osteomyelitis of the tibia caused by the Nocardia cyriacigeorgica species in an 81-year-old female patient that manifested itself as a secondary affection on top of a primary nocardiosis infection of the lung. From microbiological examination, N. cyriacigeorgica was discovered; the identification was made using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with an identification score of 1.9. The sensitivity was evaluated using E test. Sensitivity to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, imipenem, and linezolid was demonstrated. The bacteria were shown to be resistant to ciprofloxacin. For treatment, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was used due to the value of minimum inhibitory concentration, which was 0.25 mg/L. The initial dose of 960 mg of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole every 8 h was reduced to 960 mg every 12 h after 3 months. The total duration of treatment was 7.5 months. Under the established treatment, the bone and lung lesions healed. Nocardiosis of the long bone is considered a rare disease and its precise diagnosis has not yet been standardized. We used the MALDI-TOF MS method for the identification of the causal organism which is a fast and reliable method according to current world literature even when compared with the rRNA genetic sequencing reference method. Our case study presents a rare case of osteomyelitis of tibial shaft caused by N. cyriacigeorgica and its successful conservative treatment.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- kombinace léků trimethoprim a sulfamethoxazol aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- Nocardia izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nokardióza diagnóza farmakoterapie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- osteomyelitida diagnóza farmakoterapie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
V posledních desetiletích narůstá celosvětově výskyt grampozitivních infekcí vyvolaných bakteriemi rezistentními k běžně užívaným antibiotikům. V České republice se rezistentní kmeny objevily později, ale jejich počet stoupá a stále častěji bude třeba používat jiná antibiotika než dosud. Největší nárůst lze pozorovat u methicihn-rezistentních Staphylococcus aureus, obtíže přináší léčba rezistentnich koaguláza negativních stafylokoků, vankomycin rezistentní enterokoky jsou zatím prokazovány zejména u hematoonkologických pacientů. Léčebné použití vankomycinu je limitováno úzkou terapeutickou šíří, nefrotoxicitou a omezeným průnikem do tkání (plíce) a likvoru. Linezolid nabízí alternativu zejména u infekcí kůže a měkkých tkání a prokazatelně vyšší klinickou účinnost oproti vankomycinu u nozokomiálních pneumonií a infekcí v místě chirurgického výkonu. Výhodné jsou perorální formy, které umožňují sekvenční léčbu a časnější propuštění z nemocnice.
Incidence of Gram-positive infections caused by bacteria resistant to commonly used antibiotics has increased in the last decades. Resistant strains appeared later in the Czech Republic, however their number has been increasing and new antibiotics have to be used. The greatest increase of frequency can be seen in infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are usually found in hematooncology patients. Curative use of vancomycin is limited due to a narrow spectrum of activity, nephrotoxicity, and limited penetration into tissues (lung) and cerebrospinal fluid. Linezolid is a good option mainly in infections of skin and soft tissues, and it has an evincible advantage over vancomycin in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and surgical-site infections. Oral formulations are favourable allowing switch therapy and earlier discharge from hospital.
- MeSH
- acetamidy farmakologie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků MeSH
- léková rezistence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxazolidinony farmakologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- vankomycin škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- hydroxyapatity chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náhrada kyčelního kloubu metody statistika a číselné údaje využití MeSH
- osteointegrace fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
