Cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors (CENETs) are neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis with overlapping features between those of paragangliomas (PGs) and visceral neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We have explored their biological relationship to both subsets of neuroendocrine neoplasms. The clinical and radiological features of a cohort of 23 CENETs were analyzed. A total of 21 cases were included in tissue microarrays, along with a control group of 38 PGs and 83 NETs. An extensive panel of antibodies was used to assess epithelial phenotype (cytokeratins, E-cadherin, EpCAM, Claudin-4, EMA, CD138), neuronal and neuroendocrine features (synaptophysin, chromogranin A, INSM1, neurofilaments, NeuN, internexin-α, calretinin), chromaffin differentiation (GATA3, Phox2b, tyrosine hydroxylase), and possible histogenesis (Sox2, T-brachyury, Oct3/4, Sox10). The cohort included 5 women (22%) and 18 men (78%). The average age at the time of surgery was 48.3 years (range from 21 to 80 years). The average diameter of the tumors was 39.27 mm, and invasion of surrounding structures was observed in 6/21 (29%) tumors. Follow-up was available in 16 patients (median 46.5 months). One tumor recurred after 19 months. No metastatic behavior and no endocrine activity were observed. Compared to control groups, CENETs lacked expression of epithelial adhesion molecules (EpCAM, CD138, E-cadherin, Claudin-4), and at the same time, they lacked features of chromaffin differentiation (GATA3, Phox2b, tyrosine hydroxylase). We observed no loss of SDHB. Cytokeratin expression was present in all CENETs. All the CENETs showed variable cytoplasmic expression of T-brachyury and limited nuclear expression of Sox2. These findings support the unique nature of the neoplasm with respect to NETs and PGs.
- MeSH
- adhezní molekula epiteliálních buněk MeSH
- cauda equina * metabolismus patologie chirurgie MeSH
- claudin-4 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru patologie MeSH
- nádory centrálního nervového systému * patologie MeSH
- neuroendokrinní nádory * patologie MeSH
- paragangliom * MeSH
- represorové proteiny MeSH
- transkripční faktory MeSH
- tyrosin-3-monooxygenasa MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Pneumoperitoneum jako nález na zobrazovacích vyšetřeních není vždy jasnou známkou perforační náhlé příhody břišní. Nález je nutné dát do souvislosti s klinickým stavem a obtížemi pacienta, jelikož se může jednat o spontánní či nechirurgické pneumoperitoneum. Tento stav je opakovaně popisován, avšak velice často opomíjen. V této práci přinášíme kazuistiku pacienta s nechirurgickým pneumoperitoneem, kde, ačkoliv bylo postupováno podle doporučení, nebyla nalezena očekávaná intraabdominální patologie vysvětlující obtíže pacienta.
Pneumoperitoneum as a finding on imaging examinations is not always a sign of acute abdomen due to gastrointestinal perforation. These findings must be viewed in connection with the clinical condition and personal history of each patient because they may also indicate a non-surgical or spontaneous pneumoperitoneum. This condition is repeatedly described but very often neglected. This paper presents the case report of a patient with non-surgical pneumoperitoneum where, despite proceeding according to the guidelines, no expected intra-abdominal pathology explaining the patient’s problems was found.
- Klíčová slova
- nechirurgické pneumoperitoneum,
- MeSH
- akutní bolest břicha diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- laparotomie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pneumoperitoneum diagnostické zobrazování etiologie patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Histological identification of dispersed glioma cells in small biopsies can be challenging, especially in tumours lacking the IDH1 R132H mutation or alterations in TP53. We postulated that immunohistochemical detection of proteins expressed preferentially in gliomas (EGFR, MEOX2, CD34) or during embryonal development (SOX11, INSM1) can be used to distinguish reactive gliosis from glioma. Tissue microarrays of 46 reactive glioses, 81 glioblastomas, 34 IDH1-mutant diffuse gliomas, and 23 gliomas of other types were analysed. Glial neoplasms were significantly more often (p < 0.001, χ2) positive for EGFR (34.1% vs. 0%), MEOX2 (49.3% vs. 2.3%), SOX11 (70.5% vs. 20.4%), and INSM1 (65.4% vs. 2.3%). In 94.3% (66/70) of the glioblastomas, the expression of at least two markers was observed, while no reactive gliosis showed coexpression of any of the proteins. Compared to IDH1-mutant tumours, glioblastomas showed significantly higher expression of EGFR, MEOX2, and CD34 and significantly lower positivity for SOX11. Non-diffuse gliomas were only rarely positive for any of the five markers tested. Our results indicate that immunohistochemical detection of EGFR, MEOX2, SOX11, and INSM1 can be useful for detection of glioblastoma cells in limited histological samples, especially when used in combination.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: Children experience painful invasive procedures very intensely. The aim of health professionals is to help children minimize this traumatic experience. The Simplified Faces Pain Scale (S-FPS) and Simplified Concrete Ordinal Pain Scale (S-COS) tools offer children the possibility of self-assessing their pain. This can then be the basis for tailoring pain relief to the child's individual need. The aim of this study is to present the validation procedure of the S-FPC, S-COS methods. DESIGN AND METHODS: 135 children aged 3-6 years assessed their pain using the self-reported S-FPS and S-COS methods at three consecutive times, and their results were compared with the commonly used Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability assessment scale. Intra-class correlations (ICC) were used to assess inter-rater agreement. Convergent validity was verified using Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: This study demonstrated good validity for both the S FPS and S-COS assessment tools. The ICC coefficient showed good inter-rater correlation. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a strong correlation between the scales. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: It is not possible to clearly select a best method of pain assessment in preschool children. To choose the most appropriate method, it is necessary to take into account the child's cognitive development and preferences.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Brain metastases (BMs) are the most frequent intracranial tumors in adults and one of the greatest challenges for modern oncology. Most are derived from lung, breast, renal cell, and colorectal carcinomas and melanomas. Up to 14% of patients are diagnosed with BMs of unknown primary, which are commonly characterized by an early and aggressive metastatic spread. It is important to discover novel biomarkers for early identification of BM origin, allowing better management of patients with this disease. Our study focused on microRNAs (miRNAs), which are very stable in frozen native and FFPE tissues and have been shown to be sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. We aimed to identify miRNAs with significantly different expression in the five most frequent groups of BMs and develop a diagnostic classifier capable of sensitive and specific classification of BMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total RNA enriched for miRNAs was isolated using the mirVana miRNA Isolation Kit from 71 fresh-frozen histopathologically confirmed BM tissues originating in 5 cancer types. Sequencing libraries were prepared using the QIAseq miRNA Library Kit and sequenced on the NextSeq 500 platform. MiRNA expression was further validated by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Differential analysis identified 373 miRNAs with significantly different expression between 5 BM groups (p<0.001). A classifier model was developed based on the expression of 6 miRNAs (hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-141-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-194-5p, hsa-miR-200b-3p and hsa-miR-365b-5p) with the ability to correctly classify 91.5% of samples. Subsequent validation confirmed both significantly different expression of selected miRNAs in 5 BM groups as well as their diagnostic potential. CONCLUSION: To date, our study is the first to analyze miRNA expression in various types of BMs using small RNA sequencing to develop a diagnostic classifier and, thus, to help stratify BMs of unknown primary. The presented results confirm the importance of studying the dysregulated expression of miRNAs in BMs and the diagnostic potential of the validated 6-miRNA signature.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanom * MeSH
- mikro RNA * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nádory mozku * genetika MeSH
- nádory neznámé primární lokalizace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Analýza punktátů kostní dřeně pomocí průtokové cytometrie má zásadní význam pro diagnostiku hematoonkologických onemocnění. Technika poskytuje rychlé určení přítomnosti, liniové příslušnosti a přibližného stádia zralosti patologické populace pomocí analýzy exprese povrchových, cytoplazmatických a jaderných molekul. I přes nesporné výhody má průtoková cytometrie ve svých interpretačních možnostech limity, které však vhodně doplňují další vyšetření, zejména vyšetření morfologické a imunohistochemické. Právě imunohistochemie sdílí s průtokovou cytometrií základní princip detekce patologické populace i skladbu vyšetřovaných molekul. Dále však obě techniky nabízí různé úhly pohledu na daný vzorek a navzájem doplňují diagnosticky hluchá místa. Nezřídkakdy tak až součinnost obou postupů přináší kýžený podrobný obraz o zastoupení a typu patologické populace v kostní dřeni. Text článku přináší přehled základních postupů při diagnostice hematologických malignit pomocí průtokové cytometrie a zamýšlí se nad přednostmi a slabinami průtokové cytometrie ve vztahu k imunohistochemickému vyšetření.
Analysis of bone marrow samples by flow cytometry is essential for the diagnosis of hematological neoplasms. The technique provides rapid determination of the presence, lineage, and approximate stage of maturity of the pathological population by analyzing the expression of surface, cytoplasmic, and nuclear molecules. Despite the indisputable advantages, flow cytometry has its limits, which, however, replace other techniques, especially morphological and immunohistochemical examinations. It is immunohistochemistry that shares with flow cytometry the basic principle of detection of the pathological population as well as the portfolio of investigated molecules. Both techniques however offer different points of view on the given sample and complement each other. The combination of both procedures often provides the desired detailed picture of the presence and type of pathological population in the bone marrow. The article provides an overview of basic procedures in the diagnosis of hematological malignancies using flow cytometry and reflects on the strengths and weaknesses of flow cytometry in relation to immunohistochemical examination.
- MeSH
- hematologické nádory diagnóza MeSH
- imunofenotypizace MeSH
- imunohistochemie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The increasing risk of antibiotic failure in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is largely related to the production of a wide range of virulence factors. The use of non-thermal plasma (NTP) is a promising alternative to antimicrobial treatment. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of knowledge about the effects of NTP on the virulence factors production. We evaluated the ability of four NTP-affected P. aeruginosa strains to re-form biofilm and produce Las-B elastase, proteases, lipases, haemolysins, gelatinase or pyocyanin. Highly strains-dependent inhibitory activity of NTP against extracellular virulence factors production was observed. Las-B elastase activity was reduced up to 82% after 15-min NTP treatment, protease activity and pyocyanin production by biofilm cells was completely inhibited after 60 min, in contrast to lipases and gelatinase production, which remained unchanged. However, for all strains tested, a notable reduction in biofilm re-development ability was depicted using spinning disc confocal microscopy. In addition, NTP exposure of mature biofilms caused disruption of biofilm cells and their dispersion into the environment, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. This appears to be a key step that could help overcome the high resistance of P. aeruginosa and its eventual elimination, for example in combination with antibiotics still highly effective against planktonic cells.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- biofilmy MeSH
- endopeptidasy farmakologie MeSH
- faktory virulence MeSH
- hemolyziny farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreatická elastasa MeSH
- plankton MeSH
- plazmové plyny * farmakologie MeSH
- proteasy MeSH
- pseudomonádové infekce * MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa MeSH
- pyokyanin MeSH
- quorum sensing MeSH
- želatinasy farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Mucocutaneous mycotic infections are common complications in patients on IL-17 inhibitor therapy. We report a case of a 33-year-old male with severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis on secukinumab combined with methotrexate and prednisone with swelling, otorrhea, and pain of the right ear and external auditory canal. Due to progressive hypacusis, a surgical solution was chosen. Tissue samples taken during surgery revealed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillosis should be suspected in prolonged otorrhea, especially in immunocompromised patients. Without intervention, the disease could be fatal.
- MeSH
- aspergilóza * etiologie komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methotrexát terapeutické užití MeSH
- psoriatická artritida * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- psoriáza * farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- střední ucho MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Prezentujeme 29letého muže s nezánětlivými příznaky dolních cest močových (LUTS: bolesti varlat, obtíže s močením, dysurie, snížení proudu moče). Jako příčina LUTS byla provedenými vyšetřeními (ultrasonograficky, uretrocystoskopicky, uretrograficky a computerovou tomografií) diagnostikována parauretrální cystická formace v corpus spongiosum bulbární uretry. Po primárně provedené perkutánní jehlové biopsii došlo k recidivě, která byla úspěšně vyléčena klasickou chirurgickou extirpací. Nemocný se po operaci nekomplikovaně zhojil. Tři měsíce po operaci byl bez subjektivních příznaků LUTS a na kontrolní transperineální ultrasonografii nebyla zhledána ani perzistence ani recidiva cystické formace ve spongiózním tělese bulbu. Stav pacienta je v současné době tři roky stabilní. Nemocný je trvale v péči urologa, není projevů infekce v moči, ani subvezikální obstrukce (uroflowmetrii, ultrasonografie rezidua moči).
We present a 29-year-old man with non-inflammatory symptoms of the lower urinary tract (LUTS: testicular pain, difficulty urinating, dysuria, decrease in urine flow). As the cause of LUTS, a paraurethral cystic formation in the corpus spongiosum bulbar urethra was diagnosed by performed examinations (ultrasonographically, urethrocystoscopically, urethrographically and by computed tomography). After the primary percutaneous needle biopsy, there was a relapse, which was successfully cured by classical surgical extirpation. The patient healed uncomplicatedly after the operation. Three months after the operation, he was without subjective LUTS and in the follow-up transperineal ultrasonography, neither persistence nor recurrence of the cystic formation in the spongy body of the bulb was found. The patient's condition is currently stable for 3 years. The patient is permanently under the care of a urologist, there are no manifestations of infection in the urine, nor subvesical obstruction (uroflowmetry, ultrasonography of urine residues).
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in opportunistic pathogens represents a huge problem, the solution for which may be a treatment with a combination of multiple antimicrobial agents. Sodium salt of cobalt bis-dicarbollide (COSAN.Na) is one of the very stable, low-toxic, amphiphilic boron-rich sandwich complex heteroboranes. This compound has a wide range of potential applications in the biological sciences due to its antitumor, anti-HIV-1, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Our study confirmed the ability of COSAN.Na (in the concentration range 0.2-2.48 μg/mL) to enhance tetracycline, erythromycin, and vancomycin action towards Staphylococcus epidermidis planktonic growth with an additive or synergistic effect (e.g., the combination of 1.24 μg/mL COSAN.Na and 6.5 μg/mL TET). The effective inhibitory concentration of antibiotics was reduced up to tenfold most efficiently in the case of tetracycline (from 65 to 6.5 μg/mL). In addition, strong effect of COSAN.Na on disruption of the cell envelopes was determined using propidium iodide uptake measurement and further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The combination of amphiphilic COSAN.Na with antibiotics can therefore be considered a promising way to overcome antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive cocci.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
