- Klíčová slova
- bronchodilatační test, transferfaktor,
- MeSH
- anaerobní práh MeSH
- bronchokonstrikce MeSH
- bronchoprovokační testy klasifikace metody MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- difuzní kapacita plic metody MeSH
- kontraindikace léčebného výkonu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pletyzmografie celotělová MeSH
- plicní nemoci diagnóza MeSH
- poruchy dýchání diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- respirační funkční testy * klasifikace metody MeSH
- spirometrie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zátěžový test metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
This study evaluates the anatomical profiles, jump, sprint, power outputs, endurance, and peak blood lactate levels ([LA]peak) of handball players of two age groups-U17 (n = 77) and U19 (n = 46)-and analyses the role of training in their physical abilities. Vertical jump performance was determined by counter movement jump (CMJ) and counter movement jump with free arms (CMJFA) tests. A running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) determined the relative power output (watts/kg body weight) and absolute power output (watts) of the players. Sprint performance over 5 m, 10 m, and 30 m distances was evaluated. An incremental shuttle run test (40 m) was designed to determine aerobic threshold (AeT), anaerobic threshold (AnT), and [LA]peak. All parameters were measured for pivots, wingers, backs, and goalkeepers of each group. The U19 players were significantly heavier than the U17 group, but both the groups were nearly equal in height. The U19 group jumped higher than the U17 members, although the only significant difference (p = 0.032) was observed between the wingers of the groups in CMJ. Sprint performance varied marginally between the groups and only U19 pivots were found to be significantly (for distances of 5, 10, and 30 m: p = 0.047, p = 0.018, and p = 0.021, respectively) faster than U17 pivots. No difference in relative power output between the groups was noted, although the U19 players recorded higher absolute power outputs. Maximal velocity and velocities at the AeT and AnT were almost similar in the groups. Distance covered by the groups at the intensities of AeT and AnT varied only little. Higher [LA]peak was observed in the U19 players. U19 players failed to convert their superior power into speed and jump. The training pattern of the handball players needs to be revised so that U19 players may develop faster and be more enduring than the U17 group.
- MeSH
- anaerobní práh MeSH
- basketbal fyziologie MeSH
- běh fyziologie MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost fyziologie MeSH
- kyselina mléčná krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pohyb MeSH
- školy MeSH
- sportovní výkon fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- spiroergometrické vyšetření,
- MeSH
- anaerobní práh * fyziologie MeSH
- energetický metabolismus MeSH
- ergometrie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- spirometrie MeSH
- zátěžový test MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Background and Objectives: We evaluated the effect of an eleven-day altitude training camp on aerobic and anaerobic fitness in trained adolescent runners. Materials and Methods: Twenty adolescent (14-18 yrs) middle- and long-distance runners (11 males and 9 females; 16.7 ± 0.8 yrs), with at least two years of self-reported consistent run training, participated in this study. Eight of the subjects (4 females/4 males) constituted the control group, whereas twelve subjects (5 females/7 males) took part in a structured eleven-day altitude training camp, and training load was matched between groups. Primary variables of interest included changes in aerobic (VO2max) and anaerobic (30 s Wingate test) power. We also explored the relationships between running velocity and blood lactate levels before and after the altitude training camp. Results: Following 11 days of altitude training, desirable changes (p < 0.01) in VO2max (+13.6%), peak relative work rate (+9.6%), and running velocity at various blood lactate concentrations (+5.9%-9.6%) were observed. Meanwhile, changes in Wingate anaerobic power (+5.1%) were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Short duration altitude appears to yield meaningful improvements in aerobic but not anaerobic power in trained adolescent endurance runners.
- MeSH
- anaerobní práh fyziologie MeSH
- běh fyziologie MeSH
- kardiorespirační zdatnost fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nadmořská výška * MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku fyziologie MeSH
- tolerance zátěže fyziologie MeSH
- vytrvalostní trénink metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a multielement combat sport where fighters need to quickly react to an opponent's movements under fatigued conditions. Research indicates that fast reaction time is important in many sports, but the effect of fatigue has shown negative, null, or even positive influences on reaction time. However, few studies have been conducted in a controlled setting, especially using MMA figthers, whose matches are frequently resolved in a split-second. Therefore, this study investigated whether acute neuromuscular fatigue affects reaction and movement times, and their consistency in MMA fighters (N = 45). Before and after an upper-body Wingate test, a simple visual reaction time task was completed. Results showed a significant negative effect of fatigue on the reaction times and their consistency, with longer reactions (1.5% change) and lower consistency (14.7% change) after the Wingate test. Further, greater amounts of fatigue during the Wingate test seemed to negatively affect the consistency of post-Wingate movement time. Due to cumulative fatigue and the dynamic nature of MMA, our data indicate that not only the decrements in aerobic and anaerobic power likely affect a fighter's performance, but their reaction time and motor time may also be compromised during a fight.
- MeSH
- anaerobní práh fyziologie MeSH
- bojové sporty fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- reakční čas fyziologie MeSH
- svalová únava fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cieľom výskumu bolo analyzovať zmeny výkonnosti mladých plavcov počas štvormesačného zimného makrocyklu 2017 a najlepšie výkony porovnať so špeciálnymi výkonovými štandardmi pre športové triedy a športové gymnáziá. Výskumný súbor tvorilo 17 plavcov vo veku 12 až 18 rokov.V práci sme použili štyri štandardizované testy plaveckých schopností 3× 25m hlavným plaveckým spôsobom, 4× 50m voľným spôsobom, 200m polohové preteky a 400m voľným spôsobom podľa Ružbarského et al. (2003). Výsledky potvrdili, že tréningové zaťaženie malo pozitívny vplyv, čo sa prejavilo progresom výkonov skupiny vo všetkých testoch plaveckých schopností. Pri porovnávaní individuálnych výkonov plavcov so špeciálnymi štandardami pre športové triedy a športové gymnáziá, sme dospeli k výsledkom, že v testoch 3× 25m a 4× 50m VS väčšina skupiny splnila výkonový štandard, avšak v testoch 200m PP a 400m VS sa to podarilo len jednému plavcovi v každom teste.
The point of this research is the analysis of changes in efficiency of the young swimmers in the four-month 2017 winter macrocycle and the comparison of their best performances with the special standards for sports classes and sports high-schools. Research group consisted of 17 swimmers in age of 12 to 18. We have used four standardized tests for swimming skills, concrete – 3× 25 m, 4× 50 m Freestyle, 200 m Individual Medley and 400 m Freestyle, according to Ružbarský et al. (2003). In this comparison of individual performances of the swimmers with the special standards for sports classes and sports high-schools we have concluded, that in the tests 3× 25 m and 4× 50 m Freestyle, the major part of the observed group fulfilled the performance standard. On the other hand, in the test on 200 m Individual Medley and 400 m Freestyle was successful only one swimmer in each test.
- MeSH
- anaerobní práh fyziologie MeSH
- běh MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- energetický metabolismus * fyziologie MeSH
- ergometrie metody MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost * MeSH
- glykogen metabolismus MeSH
- kosterní svaly metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický ekvivalent fyziologie MeSH
- respirační funkční testy MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
- srdeční frekvence MeSH
- tělesná námaha fyziologie MeSH
- únava klasifikace krev MeSH
- zátěžový test metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent to which minimal dose strength training would elicit improvements in running performance for female recreational runners. METHODS: Forty-one female recreational runners were randomly assigned to one of three groups (endurance running [E] N.=14; combined endurance running and strength training program once [ES30] N.=14 and twice a week [ES60] N.=13, respectively). During the 10-week training program, the E group completed 3 hours of continuous endurance running per week; ES30 completed 2 ½ hours of continuous endurance running and 1 x 30 min of strength training per week, while ES60 group completed 2 hours of continuous endurance running and 2x30 min of strength training per week. Body composition, standing long jump, running economy and maximal endurance performance characteristics were assessed using ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS: Both concurrent training groups significantly improved their maximum treadmill test performance, ES30 from 168.5±43.2 to 191.3±43.8 s, ES60 from 203.1±47.8 to 249.3±49.7 s. No significant differences were detected between and within groups for body composition, power output (standing long jump), exercise economy and V̇O2max. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest strength training in volume 30 min or 1 hour per week was sufficient to increase maximal running performance, however it did not lead to improvement in running economy or aerobic capacity.
- MeSH
- anaerobní práh fyziologie MeSH
- běh fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost fyziologie MeSH
- kondiční příprava metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odporový trénink * MeSH
- složení těla MeSH
- sportovní výkon fyziologie MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- zátěžový test * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with objectively measured lower physical fitness and blunted response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to exercise. The purpose of this pilot study was to objectively measure exercise response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and cardiopulmonary fitness changes after laparoscopic adrenalectomy (ADE) in patients with unilateral PA. We examined a total of 14 patients with confirmed PA before and after ADE, by means of spiroergometry and hormonal evaluation. As expected, after adrenalectomy basal aldosterone (Aldo) levels before exercise decreased significantly, with a concomitant increase in plasma renin (PR). The increase in Aldo (285.9+/-171.3 to 434.1+/-278.2 ng/l; p=0.02) and blunted increase in PR (7.1+/-0.4 to 8.9+/-10.4 pg/ml; NS) post-exercise before ADE became significant after ADE Aldo post-ADE (46.8+/-18.8 to 106.5+/-68.1 ng/l; p<0.0001) and PR post-ADE (20.1+/-14.5 to 33.9+/-30.7 pg/ml; p=0.014). After adrenalectomy, the patients had a non-significant increase in peak workload and VO(2peak). We found normalization of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system response to exercise with little changes in cardiopulmonary fitness six months after ADE.
- MeSH
- adrenalektomie * MeSH
- aldosteron MeSH
- ambulantní monitorování krevního tlaku MeSH
- anaerobní práh MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- draslík krev MeSH
- hormony krev MeSH
- hyperaldosteronismus patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- renin-angiotensin systém * MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost MeSH
- tolerance zátěže * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zátěžový test MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
