Monoxenous (one host) trypanosomatids from insects and other invertebrates can be introduced into axenic culture relatively easily and efficiently, allowing for their transfer from the field into the laboratory. Here we describe simple methods and alternative cultivation protocols, the wider application of which will allow substantial expansion of trypanosomatids available for research.

• MeSH
• axenická kultura metody   MeSH
• hmyz parazitologie   MeSH
• parazitologie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• Trypanosomatina izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Plant secondary metabolism evolved in the context of highly organized and differentiated cells and tissues, featuring massive chemical complexity operating under tight environmental, developmental and genetic control. Biotechnological demand for natural products has been continuously increasing because of their significant value and new applications, mainly as pharmaceuticals. Aseptic production systems of plant secondary metabolites have improved considerably, constituting an attractive tool for increased, stable and large-scale supply of valuable molecules. Surprisingly, to date, only a few examples including taxol, shikonin, berberine and artemisinin have emerged as success cases of commercial production using this strategy. The present review focuses on the main characteristics of plant specialized metabolism and their implications for current strategies used to produce secondary compounds in axenic cultivation systems. The search for consonance between plant secondary metabolism unique features and various in vitro culture systems, including cell, tissue, organ, and engineered cultures, as well as heterologous expression in microbial platforms, is discussed. Data to date strongly suggest that attaining full potential of these biotechnology production strategies requires being able to take advantage of plant specialized metabolism singularities for improved target molecule yields and for bypassing inherent difficulties in its rational manipulation.

• MeSH
• artemisininy izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• axenická kultura MeSH
• berberin izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické přípravky izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• buněčné kultury MeSH
• fytonutrienty biosyntéza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• metabolické inženýrství metody   MeSH
• naftochinony izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• paclitaxel biosyntéza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• rostlinné buňky chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostliny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekundární metabolismus MeSH
• techniky tkáňových kultur MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Osmotically inducible protein (OsmC) and organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (Ohr) are small, thiol-dependent peroxidases that comprise a family of prokaryotic protective proteins central to the defense against deleterious effects of organic hydroperoxides, which are reactive molecules that are formed during interactions between the host immune system and pathogens. Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted parasite of humans, possesses OsmC homologues in its hydrogenosomes, anaerobic mitochondrial organelles that harbor enzymes and pathways that are sensitive to oxidative damage. The glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC), which consists of four proteins (i.e., L, H, P and T), is in eukaryotes exclusively mitochondrial enzymatic system that catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation and deamination of glycine. However, trichomonad hydrogenosomes contain only the L and H proteins, whose physiological functions are unknown. Here, we found that the hydrogenosomal L and H proteins constitute a lipoate-dependent redox system that delivers electrons from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to OsmC for the reductive detoxification of peroxides. Our searches of genome databases revealed that, in addition to prokaryotes, homologues of OsmC/Ohr family proteins with predicted mitochondrial localization are present in various eukaryotic lineages. Therefore, we propose that the novel OsmC-GDC-based redox system may not be limited to T. vaginalis.

• MeSH
• axenická kultura MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• I. fáze biotransformace genetika   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• peroxid vodíku metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxidasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• protozoální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční homologie aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• systém štěpení glycinu genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Trichomonas vaginalis genetika   metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH