The antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) limit the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobials, representing a problem of high importance. Current research on the presence of ARGs in microorganisms focuses mainly on humans, livestock, hospitals, or wastewater. However, the spectrum of ARGs in the dust resistome in workplaces and households has gone relatively unexplored. This pilot study aimed to analyze resistome in indoor dust samples from participants' workplaces (a pediatric hospital, a maternity hospital, and a research center) and households and compare two different approaches to the ARGs analysis; high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing (WMGS). In total, 143 ARGs were detected using HT-qPCR, with ARGs associated with the macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype being the most abundant, followed by MDR (multi-drug resistance) genes, and genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides. A higher overall relative quantity of ARGs was observed in indoor dust samples from workplaces than from households, with the pediatric hospital being associated with the highest relative quantity of ARGs. WMGS analysis revealed 36 ARGs, of which five were detected by both HT-qPCR and WMGS techniques. Accordingly, the efficacy of the WMGS approach to detect ARGs was lower than that of HT-qPCR. In summary, our pilot data revealed that indoor dust in buildings where people spend most of their time (workplaces, households) can be a significant source of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, which may potentially pose a health risk to both humans and animals.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   klasifikace   MeSH
• bakteriální geny genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metagenom MeSH
• mikrobiologie vzduchu MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prach * analýza   MeSH
• pracoviště * MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ochrana práv dítěte zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• rodinné vztahy MeSH
• role odborníka MeSH
• rozvod zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• sociální práce * trendy   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• sociální pracovníci MeSH
• zákonodárství jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Úvod: Článek poukazuje na důležitost komunitních služeb pro osoby po získaném poškození mozku a na chybějící návaznost rehabilitace při jejich propuštění do domácího prostředí, které je často nevyhovující vzhledem k nastalé disabilitě. Odborné zhodnocení a vedení odborníky z rehabilitace ve spolupráci s rodinou je nezastupitelné. Cíl: Cílem sdělení je předložit výsledky ergoterapeutické intervence v rámci koordinované komunitní rehabilitace. Hlavním cílem je řešení disabilních situací osob po získaném poškození mozku v domácím prostředí, které souvisejí zejména s evaluací bytu a indikací facilitačních prostředků. Metody: Byla použita metodologická triangulace s převahou kvalitativní části v rámci akčního výzkumu 3měsíční koordinované interprofesní rehabilitace v domácím prostředí. Technikami sběru dat jsou rozhovory s klienty a jejich rodinnými příslušníky, pozorování v domácím prostředí, analýza dokumentů a využití standardizovaných testů (FIM, WHODAS 2.0) pro hodnocení vývoje soběstačnosti, funkčního stavu a subjektivního vnímání kvality života probandů. Výsledky: Do finálního zpracování výsledků se zaměřením na ergoterapeutickou intervenci bylo zařazeno celkem 17 osob z Jihočeského kraje a doplňkově 6 osob z oblasti Praha a Středočeský kraj. Celkově převažuje diagnóza cévní mozková příhoda. V rámci identifikace bariér a facilitátorů výrazně zaznívá rodina klienta. Zároveň většina klientů potřebovala menší úpravy či drobné pomůcky indikované ergoterapeutem, tedy zejména finančně méně náročné facilitátory, které jsou ale zásadní z hlediska soběstačnosti a bezpečnosti v provádění běžných denních aktivit. U osob s tetraplegií či těžší hemiparézou byly indikovány zásadnější úpravy jako např. bezbariérový výtah, instalace rampy, plošiny, schodolezu či řešení bezbariérové koupelny se sprchovým koutem. Zde se jeví jako velice žádoucí spolupráce se sociálním pracovníkem ohledně financování. Závěr: Klienti vnímají pozitivní přínos intervence, chybí jim ale další návazná rehabilitace. Ergoterapeut je v týmu nenahraditelný. Z analýzy rozhovorů je patrná potřeba péče rodiny o klienta, ale nelze zanedbávat ani péči o rodinu a její vedení. Obě potřeby by měly být pro odborníky apelem na kvalitní interprofesní přístup, kdy je rodina s klientem plnohodnotnou součástí týmu.

Aim: The aim of the article is to present the results of occupational therapy intervention in the framework of coordinated community rehabilitation. The main aim is to address the disabling situations of people after acquired brain injury in the home setting, which are mainly related to the evaluation of housing and the indication of facilitation resources. Methods: A methodological triangulation was used with a predominantly qualitative component in an action research study of a 3-month coordinated interprofessional rehabilitation in a home setting. The data collection techniques are interviews with clients and their family members, observations in the home environment, document analysis and the use of standardized tests (FIM, WHODAS 2.0) to assess the development of self-sufficiency, functional status and subjective perception of the probands quality of life. Results: A total of 17 people from the South Bohemia region and 6 additional people from the Prague and Central Bohemia region were included in the final processing of the results focusing on occupational therapy intervention. Overall, the predominant diagnosis was stroke. As part of the identification of barriers and facilitators, the client‘s family plays a significant role. Most of the clients needed minor adjustments or minor aids indicated by the occupational therapist after the stroke, i.e. especially financially less demanding facilitators, which are essential in terms of independence and safety in performing normal daily activities. For people with tetraplegia or more severe hemiparesis, more substantial modifications were indicated, such as a wheelchair lift or installation of a ramp, platform, stair lift, or a wheelchair accessible bathroom with shower. Here, cooperation with a social worker regarding funding seems to be highly desirable. Conclusion: Clients perceive the positive benefits of the intervention but lack further follow-up rehabilitation. The occupational therapist is irreplaceable in the team. From the analysis of the interviews, the need for family care for the client is evident, but the care and guidance of the family cannot be neglected. Both needs should be an appeal to professionals for a quality interprofessional approach, where the family and the clients are a full part of the team.

• MeSH
• domácí životní podmínky MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ergoterapie * metody   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění mozku * rehabilitace   MeSH
• rehabilitace po cévní mozkové příhodě metody   MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• samostatný způsob života statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sběr dat metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The development of human sexual orientation remains a complex and multifaceted subject. It is often studied but its origins continue to elude us. In this preregistered study, our primary objective was to demonstrate the fraternal birth order effect (FBOE), which assumes a higher prevalence of older brothers in gay men than in their straight counterparts and which has also been recently recorded in lesbian women. Our second aim was to explore any potential impact of the FBOE on anal-erotic role orientation (AERO), both in gay and straight men. Our study sample included 693 gay men, 843 straight men, 265 lesbian women, and 331 straight women from Czechia and Slovakia. Employing a conventionally parameterized logistic regression model, we substantiated the FBOE among both gay men (OR = 1.35 for maternal older brothers) and lesbian women (OR = 1.71). These outcomes were confirmed by a more nuanced parameterization recently proposed by Blanchard (2022). Nonmaternal older brothers did not exhibit a significant influence on their younger brothers' sexual orientation. Contrary to some earlier reports, however, our data did not establish the FBOE as exclusive to gay men with the receptive AERO. Furthermore, our observations indicated a lower offspring count for mothers of gay men compared to mothers of straight men. Emphasizing the positive FBOE outcomes, we acknowledge the need for caution regarding the various options that can be used to estimate the familial influences on sexual orientation.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• heterosexualita statistika a číselné údaje   psychologie   MeSH
• homosexualita mužská * statistika a číselné údaje   psychologie   MeSH
• homosexualita ženská * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pořadí narození * MeSH
• sexuální a genderové menšiny statistika a číselné údaje   psychologie   MeSH
• sexuální chování statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sourozenci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• MeSH
• hypertenze komplikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství psychologie   MeSH
• metabolický syndrom etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• ochranné faktory * MeSH
• poruchy spánku a bdění komplikace   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• novinové články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Russia's military aggression against Ukraine set in motion a large number of refugees. Considerable amount of them came and stayed in Czechia. Refugees represent special vulnerable individuals often affected by war physically and psychologically. Due to the national regulations not allowing most of Ukrainian men aged 18-60 to leave the country, nowadays Ukrainian forced migration is relatively young and strongly gendered. Evidence suggests the higher probability for searching the safe refuge abroad among Ukrainian women with small children as well as those with relatively higher economic and cultural capital. The aim of this study is to identify the structural features of systemic risks associated with war migration by examining determinants of self-rated health among forcibly displaced highly educated Ukrainian women of productive age residing in Czechia. METHODS: Data from one wave of the panel survey among Ukrainian refugees in Czechia conducted in September 2022 was used. Determinants of self-rated health including self-reported diseases and healthcare factors, lifestyle, human and social capital, economic factors, and migration characteristics were analysed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: About 45% highly educated Ukrainian women refugees in Czechia assessed their health as poor. The poor self-rated health was mostly associated with the number of diseases and depressive symptoms, and by social capital and economic factors. Having four and more diseases (OR = 13.26; 95%-CI: 5.61-31.35), showing some severe depressive symptoms (OR = 7.20; 95%-CI: 3.95-13.13), experiencing difficulties to seek help from others (OR = 2.25; 95%-CI: 1.20-4.23), living alone in a household (OR = 2.67; 95%-CI: 1.37-5.27), having severe material deprivation (OR = 2.70; 95%-CI: 1.35-5.41) and coming originally from the eastern part of Ukraine (OR = 2.96; 95%-CI: 1.34-6.55) increased the chance of these refugees to assess their health as poor. CONCLUSION: Social and economic determinants such as lack of social contacts for seeking help and material deprivation were found to be crucial for self-rated health and should be tackled via migration policies. Further, qualitative research is needed to better understand the mechanisms behind the factors affecting subjectively assessed health.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• uprchlíci * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in the perception of the functioning of the family system between professional foster parents, their life partners, biological children, and children placed in professional foster families. Methods: The sample consisted of 401 respondents. The functioning of the family system was measured using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale - FACES IV. The Family Communication Scale and the Family Satisfaction Scale were administered to assess communication and satisfaction with the family system. Results: The results of the statistical analyses did not confirm differences in the perception of the functioning of the family system between professional foster parents and their life partners, nor between the biological children of professional foster parents and children placed in professional foster families. Professional foster parents and children placed in professional foster families differed statistically significantly in balanced cohesion. Professional foster parents and their biological children differed statistically significantly in their perception of disengaged cohesion. Partners of professional foster parents and children placed in professional foster families differed in their perception of family adaptability, with children in professional foster families perceiving family functioning as more rigid compared to partners of professional foster parents. The results also indicated that biological children perceived family cohesion as more disengaged than partners of professional foster parents. Conclusion: Understanding the functioning of the family system of professional families is important in effectively applying a systems approach when working with this target group.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pěstounství * MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• sociální přizpůsobení MeSH
• sociální soudržnost MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyse the way immigrants and their personality traits get affected by traumatic events in the post-migration process. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted through Google Forms with the involvement of 2,509 immigrants. A descriptive questionnaire, the "IFOMA Post-Migration Post-Traumatic Effect Scale" and the "GADOT Personality Types Determination Scale" were used to collect the research data. Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and related sample Friedman's two-way analysis tests were used in data analysis. RESULTS: Immigrants were exposed to significant effects in all sub-dimensions of the Post-Migration Post-Traumatic Effect Scale. Experiencing post-traumatic stress was found to be significantly related to the research parameters, which, respectively, are gender, age, marital status, educational background, legal status, years of living in the current country, employment status, ethnicity, Turkish language proficiency, and post-migration psychological problems (p < 0.05); 42.8% of the immigrants had the Type 9 personality, and all personality types were affected by the Psychological Affection, Physical Affection, Anxiety, and Social Adaptation sub-dimensions, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: By analysing the impact of migration-induced trauma on immigrants within their society, it can be recommended to implement initiatives specific to immigrants' personality traits and to carry out protective/preventive projects that will minimize immigrants' exposure to trauma and encourage their participation in social adaptation processes.

• MeSH
• emigranti a imigranti * MeSH
• etnicita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželský stav MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Reproductive health in state socialism is usually viewed as an area in which the broader contexts of women's lives were disregarded. Focusing on expert efforts to reduce premature births, we show that the social aspects of women's lives received the most attention. In contrast to typical descriptions emphasising technological medicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation, we show that expertise in early socialism was concerned with socio-medical causes of prematurity, particularly work and marriage. The interest in physical work in the 1950s evolved towards a focus on psychological factors in the 1960s and on broader socio-economic conditions in the 1970s. Experts highlighted marital happiness as conducive to healthy birth and considered unwed women more prone to prematurity. By the 1980s, social factors had faded from interest in favour of a bio-medicalised view. Our findings are based on a rigorous comparative analysis of medical journals from Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and East Germany.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství MeSH
• předčasný porod * MeSH
• socialismus * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Polsko MeSH

AIMS: We aimed to investigate the association of household crowding in childhood with trajectories of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: We studied 47,010 participants (56 % women, 63 years at baseline) from SHARE. Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the association of household crowding in childhood (number of household members/number of rooms at the age of 10) with trajectories of depressive symptoms (EURO-D scale), which were generated with growth mixture modeling. We adjusted for resources in childhood, sociodemographic and health-related characteristics in mid-life and older age and tested effect modification by sex. RESULTS: We identified four trajectories of depressive symptoms: constantly low (n = 33,969), decreasing (n = 5595), increasing (n = 5574) and constantly high (n = 1872). When compared to the those with constantly low depressive symptoms and adjusting for all covariates, household crowding in childhood was associated with greater odds of constantly high (OR 1.12; 95 % CI 1.08-1.17), decreasing (OR 1.11; 95 % CI 1.07-1.15) and increasing (OR 1.09; 95 % CI 1.06-1.13) depressive symptoms. The associations were stronger in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of household crowding in childhood may ameliorate the development of constant as well as transient depressive symptoms during ageing. The effect can be stronger in women than in men.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny MeSH
• deprese * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nahuštění v prostoru * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH