Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions1, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2. In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations ('claims') detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms 'physical distancing' and 'social distancing'. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.
- MeSH
- behaviorální vědy * metody trendy MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie etnologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- komunikace MeSH
- kultura MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- sociální normy MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví metody trendy MeSH
- vůdcovství MeSH
- vytváření politiky * MeSH
- zdravotní politika * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The fear of taking away hope hinders clinicians' willingness to share serious news with patients with advanced disease. Unrealistic illness expectations, on the other hand, can complicate decision making and end-of-life care outcomes. Exploration of the association between hope and illness expectations can support clinicians in better communication with their patients. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore whether realistic illness expectations are associated with reduced hope in people with advanced cancer. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from a primary palliative care cluster-randomized trial CONNECT (data collected from July 2016 to October 2020). Hope was measured by Herth Hope Index. Illness expectations were measured by assessing patients' understanding of their treatment goals, life expectancy, and terminal illness acknowledgement. Multivariable regression was performed, adjusting for demographical and clinical confounders. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients with advanced solid cancers recruited across 17 oncology clinics. RESULTS: Data from 672 patients were included in the study, with mean age of 69.3 years (±10.2), 53.6% were female. Proportion of patients indicating realistic expectations varied based on which question was asked from 10% to 46%. Median level of hope was 39 (IQR = 36-43). Multivariate non-inferiority regression did not find any significant differences in hope between patients with more and less realistic illness expectations. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that hope can be sustained while holding both realistic and unrealistic illness expectations. Communication about serious news should focus on clarifying the expectations as well as supporting people's hopes.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- naděje MeSH
- nádory * terapie MeSH
- paliativní péče metody MeSH
- péče o umírající * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: Clinical guidelines call for the inclusion of exercise interventions in every patient's dialysis session, but these recommendations are rarely adopted. Healthcare providers play a key role in this. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore how healthcare providers perceive the benefits, risks and barriers of intradialytic exercise (IDE). METHODS: We conducted 21 individual, semi-structured interviews with 11 nurses, 5 nephrologists, 3 training assistants and 2 managers from two dialysis centres in Slovakia. Verbatim transcripts of digitally recorded interviews were thematically analysed using MAXQDA®. RESULTS: Participants reported the benefits of IDE as improvements in patients' physical and psychosocial functioning, independence and self-efficacy, clinical profile and quality of therapy. As risks of IDE, they most frequently reported exercise-related damage to vascular access, insufficient individualization of training and musculoskeletal injuries. The presence of psychological problems among patients was reported as a major barrier for initiating and maintaining patients' exercise. Other reported barriers included limitations in financial and personnel resources of haemodialysis care. CONCLUSIONS: Safe and sustainable implementation of IDE, which might improve a patient's well-being, need to be prescribed in alignment with the patient's clinical profile, be delivered individually according to the patient's characteristics and requires adjustments in the available resources.
- MeSH
- cvičení * psychologie MeSH
- dialýza ledvin * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
- sebeuplatnění MeSH
- zdravotnický personál MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
RATIONALE: Cabergoline (CAB) is an ergot derivative typically prescribed for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia. It suppresses the release of prolactin through agonist actions on dopamine (DA) D2 receptors; however, it possesses binding affinity for other DA and 5-HT receptors. Side effects that exacerbate valvular heart disease can occur with high doses. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the acute, subchronic, and chronic dose-response effects of CAB and a derivative dimethylcabergoline (DMC) which acts as an antagonist instead of agonist at 5-HT 2B receptors, on appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors of male rats. METHODS: CAB (0, 0.03, 0.15, or 0.3 mg/kg/ml) was administered daily to sexually experienced male rats (N = 10/dose) by oral gavage for a total of 68 days. Sexual behavior was tested every 4 days during this period for a total of 16 trials. On the 17th trial, rats were administered their dose of CAB, and 4 h after were overdosed with sodium pentobarbital, perfused intracardially, and their brains processed for Fos immunohistochemistry. DMC (0, 0.03, 0.15, 0.3 mg/kg/ml) was administered daily to sexually experienced male rats (N = 10/dose) by oral gavage for a total of 36 days. Sexual behavior was tested every 4 days for a total of 9 trials. RESULTS: CAB increased anticipatory level changes, intromissions, and ejaculations significantly across all timepoints, with the medium and high doses being most potent. The medium and high doses also increased Fos protein significantly within the medial preoptic area, whereas in the nucleus accumbens shell, the low and medium doses decreased Fos protein but the high dose increased it significantly from control. Similar to CAB, the medium and high doses of DMC increased the number of ejaculations significantly. Rats in all drug dose groups appeared healthy for the duration of the experiments. CONCLUSIONS: Both CAB and DMC facilitate ejaculations, and CAB further facilitates measures of anticipatory sexual motivation and intromissions. These data suggest that both could be used as treatments for sexual arousal disorders and ejaculation/orgasm disorders with little or no untoward side effects at low doses.
- MeSH
- kabergolin farmakologie MeSH
- kopulace * MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- mozek MeSH
- pohlavní steroidní hormony MeSH
- receptory dopaminu D2 MeSH
- sexuální chování zvířat * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- psychologický význam pohádky, creepypasta, horor,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- internet trendy MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- násilí MeSH
- psychoanalýza metody MeSH
- rozvoj osobnosti MeSH
- strach MeSH
- vývoj dítěte MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
Východiska: Bez ohledu na typ nádorového onemocnění nebo fázi léčby pohybová aktivita (PA) prokazatelně snižuje riziko recidivy nádorového onemocnění a úmrtí. Současně je asociována s celou řadou pozitivních vlivů na fyzický i psychický stav pacientů, a to zejména v oblasti aerobní kondice, únavy, duševního zdraví i celkově vnímané kvality života. V současné onkologické praxi je však kombinace její indikace s léčbou stále ještě poměrně vzácná. Zároveň je i účast onkologických pacientů na pravidelných pohybových aktivitách zpravidla velmi nízká. Jelikož však PA představuje účinnou metodu podpory onkologické léčby a hraje významnou roli i v prevenci, je třeba hledat účinné strategie, které umožní zapojit pacienty do pohybových aktivit v širší míře. K tomuto účelu se jako velmi vhodné jeví programy pohybových aktivit organizované přímo zařízeními zabývajícími se komplexní onkologickou péčí. Cíl: Literární přehled mapuje hlavní překážky a podpůrné faktory ovlivňující zapojení onkologických pacientů do programů pohybových aktivit. Hlavní roli zde sehrávají zejména ekonomické faktory spojené se zdravotní politikou, promítající se do dostupnosti tohoto druhu podpůrné péče pro pacienty, úroveň zdravotní gramotnosti, organizace programů PA, poskytovatelé zdravotní péče – lékaři i pracovníci ve zdravotnictví, sociální opora a intrapsychické vlivy na straně pacientů. Jelikož implementace programů pohybové aktivity do stávajícího systému onkologické péče představuje poměrně náročný proces, předkládaný příspěvek se zabývá i možnostmi využití modelu přesvědčení o zdraví. V daném kontextu tento model umožňuje predikci a identifikaci překážek a podpůrných faktorů zapojení pacientů do programů PA s cílem maximalizovat jejich efektivitu a přizpůsobit je potřebám pacientů a současně i možnostem konkrétního lékařského zařízení.
Background: Regardless of cancer type or stage of treatment, physical activity (PA) has been shown to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and death. It is associated with a range of positive effects on patients‘ physical and psychological well-being, particularly in the areas of aerobic fitness, fatigue, mental health and perceived overall quality of life. However, in current oncology practice, the combination of its indication with treatment is still relatively rare. At the same time, cancer patients‘ participation in regular physical activity is usually very low. However, as PA is an effective method to support cancer treatment and plays an important role in prevention, it is necessary to find effective strategies to involve patients more widely in physical activities. To this end, physical activity programmes organised directly by facilities providing comprehensive cancer care appear to be very suitable. Purpose: This literature review maps the main barriers and facilitators to cancer patients‘ participation in physical activity programmes. In particular, economic factors related to health policy, reflected in the availability of this type of supportive care for patients, the level of health literacy, the organization of PA programs, health care providers – both physicians and health care workers, social support and intrapsychic influences on the part of patients play a major role. Since the implementation of physical activity programmes into the existing cancer care system is a rather challenging process, the paper also deals with the possibilities of using the Health Belief Model. In the given context, this model allows the prediction and identification of barriers and supportive factors to patients‘ involvement in PA programs in order to maximize their effectiveness and adapt them to the needs of patients and, at the same time, to the capabilities of a specific medical facility.
Článek se zaměřuje na význam sebereflexe pro osobní i profesionální rozvoj lékařů a lékařek. Zdůrazňuje pozitivní vliv sebereflexe na sebepoznání, udržení duševního zdraví lékaře/ky a prevenci syndromu vyhoření, posílení empatie i komunikačních dovedností lékaře/ky. Článek poskytuje přehled snadno osvojitelných sebereflektivních technik, které lze uplatnit v každodenní lékařské praxi, a podpořit tak zdravější a smysluplnější přístup poskytování zdravotní péče.
The article delves into the importance of self-reflection for the personal and professional development of doctors. It highlights the benefits of self-reflection in fostering self-awareness, maintaining the mental health of doctors, preventing burnout syndrome, and enhancing empathy and communication skills. The article provides an overview of easily adoptable self-reflective techniques that can be integrated into everyday medical practice, promoting a healthier and more meaningful approach to providing medical care.
- MeSH
- lékaři psychologie MeSH
- lékařky psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- role lékaře psychologie MeSH
- sebezhodnocení (psychologie) * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Kľúčovú úlohu v starostlivosti o pacienta na oddelení anestéziológie a intenzívnej medicíny (OAIM) zohrávajú sestry, ktoré posudzujú potreby pacienta, určujú a realizujú individuálny ošetrovateľský plán, navrhujú a indikujú preventívne opatrenia na zabezpečenie bezpečnosti a stabilizácie pacienta. Práca sestier na OAIM je širokospektrálna a zároveň veľmi náročná, dôležité je, aby mali sestry ideálne podmienky v pracovnej sfére. Dobré pracovné podmienky sú potrebné pre elimináciu psychickej a fyzickej záťaže sestier, s ktorou sa musia každodenne vyrovnávať. Cieľ: Zmapovať postoje sestier na podmienky súvisiace s vykonávaním práce na OAIM. Metodika: Prieskum sme realizovali elektronickou formou v období december 2020 až január 2021. Počet respondentov bol 45. Údaje sme kvalitatívne a kvantitatívne vyhodnotili. Výsledky: Zo 45 respondentov za fyzicky náročnú prácu uvádza 43 (96%) respondentov. Za psychickú náročnú prácu uvádza 27 (60%) respondentov. S interpersonálnymi vzťahmi je spokojných 26 (58%) respondentov. 31 (69%) respondentov je nespokojných s finančným ohodnotením. Nad zmenou povolania uvažuje 11 (24%) respondentov. Záver: Napriek psychicky a fyzicky náročnej práci v rámci svojich možnosti sestry na OAIM vykonávajú svoju prácu v čo najvyššej možnej miere pre blaho pacientov.
Nurses play a key role in patient care in the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Medicine by assessing the patient's needs, determining and implementing an individual care plan, suggesting and indicating preventive measures to ensure the patient's safety and stabilisation. The work of the nurses in this ward is wide-ranging and very demanding, and it is very important that the nurses have ideal working conditions, which is necessary to eliminate the psychological and physical burden they have to cope with on a daily basis. Aim: To map nurses' views on conditions related to work in the OAIM. Methodology: We conducted the survey electronically between December 2020 and January 2021. The number of respondents was 45. We evaluated the data qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: Out of 45 respondents, 43 (96%) respondents reported physically demanding work. Mentally demanding work is reported by 27 (60%) respondents. 26 (58%) respondents are satisfied with interpersonal relations. 31 (69%) respondents are dissatisfied with financial remuneration. 11 (24%) respondents are thinking of changing their occupation. Conclusion: Despite the mentally and physically demanding work, within the limits of their abilities, nurses in the OAIM perform their work to the best of their ability for the well- -being of the patients.
BACKGROUND: Sense of coherence (SOC) is a personal resource that reflects the extent to which one perceives the world as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful. Decades of empirical research consistently show that SOC is an important protective resource for health and well-being. Despite the extensive use of the 13-item measure of SOC, there remains uncertainty regarding its factorial structure. Additionally, a valid and reliable Czech version of the scale is lacking. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the SOC-13 scale in a representative sample of Czech adults. METHODS: An online survey was completed by 498 Czech adults (18-86 years old) between November 2021 and December 2021. We used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factorial structure of the scale. Further, we examined the variations in SOC based on age and gender, and we tested the criterion validity of the scale using the short form of the Mental Health Continuum (MHC) scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale as mental health outcomes. RESULTS: SOC-13 showed an acceptable one- and three-factor fit only with specified residual covariance between items 2 and 3. We tested alternative short versions by systematically removing poorly performing items. The fit significantly improved for all shorter versions with SOC-9 having the best psychometric properties with a clear one-factorialstructure. We found that SOC increases with age and males score higher than females. SOC showed a moderately strong positive correlation with MHC, and a moderately strong negative correlation with GAD. These findings were similar for all tested versions supporting the criterion validity of the SOC scale. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that shortened versions of the SOC-13 scale have better psychometric properties than the original 13-item version in the Czech adult population. Particularly, SOC-9 emerges as a viable alternative, showing comparable reliability and validity as the 13-item version and a clear one-factorial structure in our sample.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky normy MeSH
- psychometrie * MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- životní smysluplnost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
