Perfectly coated surfaces are an essential quality feature in the automotive and consumer goods industries. They are the result of an optimized, controlled coating process. Because entire assemblies could be rejected if Out-of-Specification (OOS) parts are installed, this has a severe economic impact. This paper presents a novel, line-integrated multi-camera system with intelligent algorithms for anomaly detection on small KTL-coated aluminum parts. The system also aims to automatize the previously used human inspection to a sophisticated and automated vision system that efficiently detects defects and anomalies on coated parts.
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- hliník * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nátěrové hmoty MeSH
- průmysl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This paper investigates Aspergillus niger's behaviour in the presence of mobile Al3+ species by evaluating the changes in oxalate exudation at various aluminium contents. When the fungus was exposed to Al3+, no significant changes in oxalate production were observed until 100 mg.L-1 aluminium was reached resulting in oxalate production decrease by 18.2%. By stripping the culture medium completely of phosphate, even more prominent decrease by 34.8% and 67.1% at 10 and 100 mg.L-1 aluminium was observed, respectively, indicating the phosphate's significance instead of Al3+ in oxalate production. Our results suggest that the low phosphate bioavailability, which most likely resulted from its interaction with Al3+, stimulated the overproduction of oxalate by A. niger. Furthermore, when the fungus was incubated in aluminium-free media supplemented with 0.1 mM of phosphate, oxalate production increased up to 281.5 μmol.g-1, while at 1.85 mM of available phosphate only 80.7 μmol.g-1 of oxalate was produced. This indicates that oxalic acid is produced by fungus not as a mean to detoxify aluminium, but as an attempt to gain access to additional phosphate.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fluoridy * škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- glutathion nedostatek MeSH
- hliník škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurotoxiny škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- poruchy autistického spektra * epidemiologie patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Aluminum accumulation, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in erythrocytes and brain and liver homogenates of BALB/c mice treated with Al3+ (7.5 mg/kg/day (0.15 LD50) as AlCl3 (37.08 mg/kg/day), whereas HCl (30.41 mg/kg/day) was used as Cl- control, the treatments were performed for 21 days, i.p., in the presence and absence of rosmarinic acid (0.2805 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.) or carvacrol (0.0405 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.). The treatment with AlCl3 increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes only slightly and had no effect on brain and liver homogenates. Rosmarinic acid and carvacrol strongly increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes but decreased it in brain and liver homogenates. However, AlCl3 treatment led to Al accumulation in mice blood, brain, and liver and induced oxidative stress, assessed based on MDA concentration in the brain and liver. Both rosmarinic acid and carvacrol were able to counteract the negative Al effect by decreasing its accumulation and protecting tissues from lipid peroxidation. AlCl3 treatment increased CAT activity in mice brain and liver homogenates, whereas the administration of either rosmarinic acid or carvacrol alone or in combination with AlCl3 had no significant effect on CAT activity. SOD activity remained unchanged after all the treatments in our study. We propose that natural herbal phenolic compounds rosmarinic acid and carvacrol could be used to protect brain and liver against aluminum induced oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- biologické přípravky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- cinnamáty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- cymeny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- depsidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- erytrocyty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- hliník škodlivé účinky chemie MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- malondialdehyd metabolismus MeSH
- mozek účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- alergie na mléko MeSH
- alergie na vejce MeSH
- anafylaxe etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- antibakteriální látky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- atopická dermatitida imunologie MeSH
- bronchiální astma imunologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hliník škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- léková kontraindikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv prevence a kontrola MeSH
- vakcinace metody normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
This study investigates the morphology, microstructure, compressive behavior, biocorrosion properties, and cytocompatibility of magnesium (Mg)-aluminum (Al) alloy (AE42) scaffolds for their potential use in biodegradable biomedical applications. Mg alloy scaffolds were successfully synthesized via a camphene-based freeze-casting process with precisely controlled heat treatment. The average porosity was approximately 52% and the median pore diameter was ∼13 μm. Salient deformation mechanisms were identified using acoustic emission (AE) signals and adaptive sequential k-means (ASK) analysis. Twinning, dislocation slip, strut bending, and collapse were dominant during compressive deformation. Nonetheless, the overall compressive behavior and deformation mechanisms were similar to those of bulk Mg based on ASK analysis. The corrosion potential of the Mg alloy scaffold (-1.44 V) was slightly higher than that of bulk AE42 (-1.60 V), but the corrosion rate of the Mg alloy scaffold was faster than that of bulk AE42 due to the enhanced surface area of the Mg alloy scaffold. As a result of cytocompatibility evaluation following ISO10993-5, the concentration of the Mg alloy scaffold extract reducing cell growth rate to 50% (IC50) was 10.7%, which is higher (less toxic) than 5%, suggesting no severe inflammation by implantation into muscle.
The aim of this study was to determine the content, distribution and behaviour of Al in soils under beech forest with different parent rock, and to assess the role of herbaceous vegetation on soil Al behaviour. We hypothesize that the contents of elements in the soil sorption complex (Al etc.) are strongly influenced by vegetation cover. Also, low molecular mass organic acids (LMMOA) can be considered as an indicator of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and vegetation litter turnover. Speciation of LMMOA, nutrition content (PO43-, Ca2+, K+) and element composition in aqueous extracts were determined by means of ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) respectively. Active and exchangeable pH, sorption characteristics and exchangeable Al (Alex) were determined in BaCl2 extracts by ICP-OES. Elemental composition of parent rocks was assessed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Herb-poor localities showed lower pH, less nutrients (PO43-, Ca2+, K+), less LMMOA, a larger stock of SOM and greater cation exchange capacity. There was also lower mobilisation of Al in organic horizons, which explains the larger pools of Al. Generally, we can conclude that LMMOA, and thus soil vegetation cover, play an important role in the Al soil cycle.
- MeSH
- buk (rod) chemie účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- chelátory analýza chemie MeSH
- fyzikální absorpce účinky léků MeSH
- fyziologická absorpce účinky léků MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- hliník analýza chemie metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- huminové látky analýza MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza chemie metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- léčivé rostliny účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rostliny účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- vývoj rostlin účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The photochemical transformation of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface waters exposed to UV radiation causes the precipitation of metal (Al and Fe) bearing complexes with high phosphorus sorption capacities. To better elucidate this process, a series of laboratory experiments was performed with stream and river waters with pH range from 3.5 to 8.2 and concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus from 2 to 142 μg L(-1). Samples were filtered (0.4 μm) and UV (350 nm) irradiated for 24 h at 68 W m(-2), i.e. under conditions equivalent to ∼2 summer days of natural solar radiation. Irradiated samples and dark controls were then spiked with (33)P-phosphate and the kinetics of P adsorption on freshly formed particles was determined after separation by ultracentrifugation. Up to 68% of the added P was removed from the solution within 48 h of the spike. The P sorption was pH dependent, with the maximum sorption ability at pHs of 6-7. We hypothesize that this process can importantly contribute to the immobilization and lower bioavailability of P in the inlet areas of (especially circum-neutral) lakes due to the intensive photochemical degradation of allochthonous DOC-metal complexes.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie MeSH
- fosfor analýza chemie MeSH
- fotochemické procesy * MeSH
- hliník chemie MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kovy chemie MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- sladká voda chemie MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- železo chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Hypokalcemie je závažný stav, při kterém dochází k zásadnímu ovlivnění přenosu nervového vzruchu, kontrakce a relaxace svalů, a to včetně srdečního, a v neposlední řadě patologické sekreci některých hormonů. Základní kauzální léčba je parenterální podání vápníku, a sice glukonátu vápenatého, chloridu vápenatého, eventuálně gluceptátu vápenatého. Parenterální přípravky těchto sloučenin musí splňovat lékopisné požadavky, včetně limitu na obsah hliníku. Každá z těchto molekul má svoje specifické vlastnosti, které předurčují jejich klinické použití. Kromě hypokalcemie jsou používány k ovlivnění řady dalších stavů (otrava fluoridy nebo kyselinou šťavelovou, snížená kontraktilita myokardu při předávkování blokátory vstupu vápníku nebo betablokátory, pomocná léčba při akutních alergických stavech, svědících dermatózách, mokvajících a generalizovaných ekzémech i jako součást parenterální výživy AIO, nebo jako pomocné léčivo při kontinuální náhradě funkce ledvin, záchvatu křečí, laryngospazmu, bronchospazmu a alteraci psychického stavu). Nejasná je v současné době substituce vápníku u septických pacientů. Ačkoliv by se mohlo zdát, že infuzní roztoky s chloridem vápenatým poskytují větší množství vápníku, navíc vysoce ionizovaného, dává se přednost glukonátovým solím z důvodu podstatně menšího podráždění stěny cév. Také v parenterální výživě se spíše uplatňují organické soli vápníku pro lepší kompatibilitu s ostatními nutričními složkami.
Hypocalcemia is a serious condition which has a major impact on the transmission of nerve impulses, contraction and relaxation of muscles (including myocardial) and pathological secretion of some hormones. The basic causal treatment is the parenteral administration of calcium, namely calcium gluconate, calcium chloride or calcium gluceptate. Parenteral formulations of these compounds must meet pharmacopoeial requirements, including the aluminum content limit. Each of these molecules has its specific properties that predict their clinical use. In addition to hypocalcemia, they are used to influence a variety of other conditions, such as fluoride or oxalic acid poisoning, decreased myocardial contractility caused by overdose of calcium intake blockers or beta blockers. They are also used as part of parenteral nutrition AIO or as an ancillary treatment for acute allergic conditions, itchy dermatitis, weeping and generalized eczema, continuous renal replacement therapy, seizure convulsion, laryngospasm, bronchospasm and altered mental status. The role of calcium replacement in septic patients remains unclear and requires further study. Although it may appear that calcium chloride infusion solutions provide greater and more highly ionized amounts of calcium, gluconate salts are preferred due to considerably less irritation of the vessel wall and better compatibility with other nutrients in parenteral nutrition.
- MeSH
- bezpečnost MeSH
- chlorid vápenatý terapeutické užití MeSH
- glukonát vápenatý terapeutické užití MeSH
- hliník normy toxicita MeSH
- hypokalcemie * etiologie farmakoterapie krev MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parenterální výživa * normy MeSH
- roztoky normy MeSH
- vápník * krev metabolismus nedostatek MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
