Men and women respond differently when presented with sexual stimuli. Men's reaction is gender-specific, and women's reaction is gender-nonspecific. This might be a result of differential cognitive processing of sexual cues, namely copulatory movement (CM), which is present in almost every dynamic erotic stimulus. A novelty eye-tracking procedure was developed to assess the saliency of short film clips containing CM or non-CM sexual activities. Results from 29 gynephilic men and 31 androphilic women showed only small and insignificant effects in attention bias and no effects in attentional capture. Our results suggest that CM is not processed differently in men and women and, therefore, is not the reason behind gender-nonspecific sexual responses in women.
- MeSH
- heterosexualita * MeSH
- kopulace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odklon pozornosti * MeSH
- sexuální chování MeSH
- technologie sledování pohybu očí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: In severe conditions of limited motor abilities, frequent position changes for work or passive and active rest are essential bedside activities to prevent further health complications. We aimed to develop a system using eye movements for bed positioning and to verify its functionality in a control group and a group of patients with significant motor limitation caused by multiple sclerosis. METHODS: The eye-tracking system utilized an innovative digital-to-analog converter module to control the positioning bed via a novel graphical user interface. We verified the ergonomics and usability of the system by performing a fixed sequence of positioning tasks, in which the leg and head support was repeatedly raised and then lowered. Fifteen women and eleven men aged 42.7 ± 15.9 years in the control group and nine women and eight men aged 60.3 ± 9.14 years in the patient group participated in the experiment. The degree of disability, according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), ranged from 7 to 9.5 points in the patients. We assessed the speed and efficiency of the bed control and the improvement during testing. In a questionnaire, we evaluated satisfaction with the system. RESULTS: The control group mastered the task in 40.2 s (median) with an interquartile interval from 34.5 to 45.5 s, and patients mastered the task in in 56.5 (median) with an interquartile interval from 46.5 to 64.9 s. The efficiency of solving the task (100% corresponds to an optimal performance) was 86.3 (81.6; 91.0) % for the control group and 72.1 (63.0; 75.2) % for the patient group. Throughout testing, the patients learned to communicate with the system, and their efficiency and task time improved. A correlation analysis showed a negative relationship (rho = - 0.587) between efficiency improvement and the degree of impairment (EDSS). In the control group, the learning was not significant. On the questionnaire survey, sixteen patients reported gaining confidence in bed control. Seven patients preferred the offered form of bed control, and in six cases, they would choose another form of interface. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed system and communication through eye movements are reliable for positioning the bed in people affected by advanced multiple sclerosis. Seven of 17 patients indicated that they would choose this system for bed control and wished to extend it for another application.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohyby očí MeSH
- postižení * MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
- technologie sledování pohybu očí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this paper, we present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures. We take this review to represent the empirical foundation for reporting guidelines of any study involving an eye tracker. We compare this empirical foundation to five existing reporting guidelines and to a database of 207 published eye-tracking studies. We find that reporting guidelines vary substantially and do not match with actual reporting practices. We end by deriving a minimal, flexible reporting guideline based on empirical research (Section "An empirically based minimal reporting guideline").
- MeSH
- empirický výzkum MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohyby očí * MeSH
- technologie sledování pohybu očí * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Data comprise intracranial EEG (iEEG) brain activity represented by stereo EEG (sEEG) signals, recorded from over 100 electrode channels implanted in any one patient across various brain regions. The iEEG signals were recorded in epilepsy patients (N = 10) undergoing invasive monitoring and localization of seizures when they were performing a battery of four memory tasks lasting approx. 1 hour in total. Gaze tracking on the task computer screen with estimating the pupil size was also recorded together with behavioral performance. Each dataset comes from one patient with anatomical localization of each electrode contact. Metadata contains labels for the recording channels with behavioral events marked from all tasks, including timing of correct and incorrect vocalization of the remembered stimuli. The iEEG and the pupillometric signals are saved in BIDS data structure to facilitate efficient data sharing and analysis.
- MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- elektrokortikografie * MeSH
- epilepsie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- oční fixace MeSH
- paměť fyziologie MeSH
- pupila MeSH
- technologie sledování pohybu očí MeSH
- záchvaty patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- dataset MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky oftalmologické * klasifikace přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování klasifikace MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektrodiagnostika klasifikace MeSH
- fyzikální vyšetření metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření pohybů očí klasifikace MeSH
- mydriatika klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
- ultrasonografie metody MeSH
- vidění barevné MeSH
- vidění binokulární MeSH
- vyšetření štěrbinovou lampou klasifikace MeSH
- zraková ostrost MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Analysis of biomedical signals is a very challenging task involving implementation of various advanced signal processing methods. This area is rapidly developing. This paper is a Part III paper, where the most popular and efficient digital signal processing methods are presented. This paper covers the following bioelectrical signals and their processing methods: electromyography (EMG), electroneurography (ENG), electrogastrography (EGG), electrooculography (EOG), electroretinography (ERG), and electrohysterography (EHG).
The goal of every human being on our planet is to improve the living conditions not only of his life, but also of all humanity. Digitization, dynamic development of technological equipment, unique software solutions and the transfer of human capabilities into the form of data enable the gradual achievement of this goal. The human brain is the source of all activities (physical, mental, decision-making, etc.) that a person performs. Therefore, the main goal of research is its functioning and the possibility to at least partially replace this functioning by external devices connected to a computer. The Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a term which represents a tool for performing external activities through sensed signals from the brain. This document describes various techniques that can be used to collect the neural signals. The measurement can be invasive or non-invasive. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the most studied non-invasive method and is therefore described in more detail in the presented paper. Once the signals from the brain are scanned, they need to be analysed in order to interpret them as computer commands. The presented methods of EEG signal analysis have advantages and disadvantages, either temporal or spatial. The use of the inverse EEG problem can be considered as a new trend to solve non-invasive high-resolution BCI.
- MeSH
- blízká infračervená spektroskopie metody MeSH
- diagnostické techniky neurologické MeSH
- elektroencefalografie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- elektrookulografie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- magnetoencefalografie metody MeSH
- neurozobrazování MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie MeSH
- rozhraní mozek-počítač * MeSH
- zrakové evokované potenciály MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Recent research has brought mixed results about differences in attention allocation measured by eye tracking between autistic and neurotypical individuals. There are several reasons that might be at the core of this confusion, including the given task. We tested 10 neurotypical adults in our experiment: they filled out a questionnaire based on self-evaluation assessing their position on the autistic spectrum. Their eye movements were recorded while viewing several complex visual scenes in two conditions: free viewing and completing a task. We qualitatively compared the visual strategies of two participants scoring on extreme poles of the spectrum in the analysis. Our findings indicate that the task might play a crucial role in research on attention allocation in autism.
- MeSH
- duševně nemocní psychologie MeSH
- kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- percepce MeSH
- plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
- poruchy autistického spektra * diagnóza psychologie MeSH
- pozornost MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- technologie sledování pohybu očí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Traffic signs are an integral part of the traffic control plan and they provide road users with necessary information on the upcoming situation. This paper aims to examine the level of understanding of traffic sign imagery used in different countries and to track participants' eye movement when they encounter unfamiliar signs. Tobii eye tracking glasses were used to track gaze differences between familiar and unfamiliar traffic signs. Our findings show that sign characteristics (such as the amount of information on the sign) and the observer's knowledge of the sign meaning have a significant impact on eye behaviour. Signs containing more information (loaded with more content) and unfamiliar to the participant systematically produced the longest overall and average fixations and gazing duration. Given that longer gaze time for unfamiliar traffic signs presents a potential traffic hazard, we evaluated the need for standardization of traffic signs.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
- oční fixace fyziologie MeSH
- orientační tabule a značení normy MeSH
- pohyby očí fyziologie MeSH
- pozornost MeSH
- řízení motorových vozidel psychologie MeSH
- rozpoznávání (psychologie) fyziologie MeSH
- světelná stimulace MeSH
- technologie sledování pohybu očí MeSH
- znalosti MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this work, a MATLAB-based graphical user interface is proposed for the visual examination of several eye movements. The proposed solution is algorithm-based, which localizes the area of the eye movement, removes artifacts, and calculates the view trajectory in terms of direction and orb deviation. To compute the algorithm, a five-electrode configuration is needed. The goodness of the proposed MATLAB-based graphical user interface has been validated, at the Clinic of Child Neurology of University Hospital of Ostrava, through the EEG Wave Program, which was considered as "gold standard" test. The proposed solution can help physicians on studying cerebral diseases, or to be used for the development of human-machine interfaces useful for the improvement of the digital era that surrounds us today.
- Klíčová slova
- Matlab,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrookulografie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření pohybů očí MeSH
- mrkání MeSH
- pohyby očí MeSH
- software MeSH
- technologie sledování pohybu očí MeSH
- uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
