The use of microorganisms as reducing and stabiliz-ing agents in biogenic syntheses of metal nanoparticles is an attractive approach. There is a large number of potential bioagents able to yield big amounts of various biomole-cules, and to prepare nanoparticles of diverse physico-chemical properties. Microscopic fungi and algae are widely studied for the preparation of nanoparticles, mainly because of their ability to produce vast amounts of extra-cellular proteins, enzymes, and other metabolites that can actively participate in the metal reduction and also contrib-ute to the nanoparticle stabilization. This results in highly stable metal nanoparticles with interesting properties that can be used, for example, as antimicrobial agents (especially Ag or Cu nanoparticles) or as catalysts. This review summarizes the main, promising representatives of microscopic fungi, yeasts, and algae used for the prepara-tion of nanoparticles of various metals.
From undisturbed Antarctic habitats (permafrost sediments 30-150 thousand years of age, water of Radok Lake) and superficial deposits contaminated with petroleum products, we isolated 14 and 9 strains of Penicillium fungi, respectively. Comparison of the fungal complexes showed them to differ by species composition; only two species-P. palitans and P. solitum-were in the species lists of both groups. The identified secondary metabolites in the investigated strains belonged to diketopiperazine (group of roquefortines, rugulosuvin B), benzodiazepine (anacin, cyclopenins), quinoline alkaloids (viridicatins), clavine ergot alkaloids (α-cyclopiazonic acid, festuclavine, fumigaclavines), polycyclic indole alkaloids (communesin B, chaetoglobosin A), amino acid derivatives (N-acetyltryptamine, chrysogins, penicillin G), polyketides (citreoviridin A, mycophenolic acid), and terpenes (andrastins, phomenone). Strains isolated from anthropogenically altered habitats produced a more complete and characteristic profile of exometabolites, as compared with strains isolated from undisturbed habitats. It is only from contaminated soils there were isolated fungi that produced more structurally diverse secondary metabolites pertaining to polycyclic indole alkaloids and terpenoids. The fungi isolated from contaminated samples can be used in biodegradation of oil spills and bioremediation of the environment, and also as producers of promising biologically active compounds.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy analýza klasifikace MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- jezera mikrobiologie MeSH
- Penicillium chemie MeSH
- polyketidy analýza MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- sekundární metabolismus * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Antarktida MeSH
Plant growth regulating properties of brevicompanines (Brvs), natural products of the fungus Penicillium brevicompactum, have been known for several years, but further investigations into the molecular mechanism of their bioactivity have not been performed. Following chemical synthesis of brevicompanine derivatives, we studied their activity in the model plant Arabidopsis by a combination of plant growth assays, transcriptional profiling, and numerous additional bioassays. These studies demonstrated that brevicompanines cause transcriptional misregulation of core components of the circadian clock, whereas other biological read-outs were not affected. Brevicompanines thus represent promising chemical tools for investigating the regulation of the plant circadian clock. In addition, our study also illustrates the potential of an unbiased -omics-based characterization of bioactive compounds for identifying the often cryptic modes of action of small molecules.
- MeSH
- Arabidopsis účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- biologické přípravky chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus účinky léků MeSH
- cyklické peptidy chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- fyziologie rostlin účinky léků MeSH
- genetická transkripce účinky léků MeSH
- indoly chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Penicillium chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A new xanthone derivative having axial chirality was isolated from Penicillium vinaceum. Owing to the axial chirality, its structure, including absolute configuration, was determined by means of extensive spectroscopic data, such as UV, IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and computational chiroptical methods. The new compound, (a R)-2'-methoxyvinaxanthone, has a structure containing two aromatic moieties with substituents hindering rotation about the biaryl axis. The compound gave positive results in a sea urchin egg test ( Paracentrotus lividus) and a crown gall tumor on potato disks test (Agrobacterium tumefaciens).
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- ježovky růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- nádory rostlin MeSH
- nukleární magnetická rezonance biomolekulární MeSH
- ovum růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Penicillium chemie MeSH
- Solanum tuberosum chemie účinky léků MeSH
- xantony farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
