Plectranthus (Lamiaceae), which-according to the latest systematic revision-includes three separate genera (Coleus, Plectranthus sensu stricto, and Equilabium), is a genus widely used in traditional medicine-mainly in the treatment of various ailments of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and skin. Many species of Plectranthus s.l. have been shown to produce phenolic compounds and terpenes. Diterpenes, especially those of the abietane class, are the most studied group of secondary metabolites found in Plectranthus s.l., which is characterized by a significant structural diversity arising from the oxygenation and further rearrangement of the basic tricyclic abietane skeleton to a complete aromatization of the ring system. This review summarizes the known information on abietane diterpenes, showing their structures, sources, and biosynthesis. A classification of these compounds into nine groups, according to the arrangement of their ring C, is used. Royleanones, spirocoleons, and hydroquinones are the largest classes of abietane diterpenes, covering more than 70% of all the compounds reviewed.
- MeSH
- diterpeny abietanové chemie MeSH
- diterpeny chemie MeSH
- fytonutrienty chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- Plectranthus chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Plants consistently synthesize and accumulate medically valuable secondary metabolites which can be isolated and clinically tested under in vitro conditions. An advancement with such important phytochemical production has been recognized and utilized as herbal drugs. Bioactive andrographolide (AGL; C20H30O5) isolated from Andrographis paniculate (AP) (Kalmegh) is a diterpenoid lactones having multifunctional medicinal properties including anti-manic, anti-inflammatory, liver, and lung protective. AGL is known for its immunostimulant activity against a variety of microbial infections thereby, regulating classical and alternative macrophage activation, Ag-specific antibody production during immune disorder therapy. In vitro studies with AGL found it to be effective against multiple tumors, neuronal disorders, diabetes, pneumonia, fibrosis, and other diverse therapeutic misadventures. Generally, virus-based diseases like ZIKA, influenza A virus subtype (H1NI), Ebola (EBOV), Dengue (DENV), and coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics have greatly increased scientific interest and demands to develop more effective and economical immunomodulating drugs with minimal side effects. Trials and in vitro pharmacological studies with AGL and medicinally beneficial herbs might contribute to benefit the human population without using chemical-based synthetic drugs. In this review, we have discussed the possible role of AGL as a promising herbal-chemo remedy during human diseases, viral infections and as an immunity booster.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- diterpeny chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunitní systém účinky léků MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- virové nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- zdraví MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This review covers the chemical reactions, synthesis, and biological activities of tetracyclic diterpenoids including ent-kauranes, ent-beyeranes, ent-atisanes, ingenanes, tyglianes, stemodanes, stemaranes, sordarin, salvileucalin B, harringtonolide and hainanolidol. It comprises of the un-reviewed references from the year 2000.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antitumorózní látky fytogenní chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- biologické přípravky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- diterpeny chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory farmakoterapie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Jednotlivé druhy rodu Plectranthus mají široké uplatnění v lidovém léčitelství, zejména v Jižní Africe a Asii. Nejvíce používanými a také zkoumanými druhy jsou Plectranthus amboinicus a P. barbatus. Jako perspe ktivní obsahové látky druhů rodu Plectranthus se jeví terpeny (mono- a diterpeny) s antibakteriální aktivitou a kyselina rozmarýnová.
The genus Plectranthus consists of more than 300 species, distributed from Africa to Asia and Australia. Many Plectranthus species are plants of economic and medicinal interest. To date, more than fifty of the different ethnobotanical uses have been documented, especially for P. amboinicus and P. barbatus. Monoterpenoids and diterpenoids with antibacterial activity and rosmarinic acid have been reported in species of Plectranthus.
- Klíčová slova
- Plectranthus grandidentatus Gűrke, Plectranthus madagascariensis Benth.,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- cinnamáty MeSH
- diterpeny farmakologie chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * chemie účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- nemoci zvířat prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Plectranthus * chemie účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- tradiční lékařství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) upregulates the transcription of proteins that promote cell survival, stimulate growth, induce angiogenesis and reduce susceptibility to apoptosis. NF-κB signaling pathway is constitutively activated in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), lymphomas and in multiple myeloma (MM). Inactive NF-κB is bound in the cytoplasm to its inhibitor IκB, which masks its nuclear localisation signal. Two protein kinases with a high degree of sequence similarity, IKKα and IKKβ, mediate phosphorylation of IκB proteins and represent a convergence point for most signal transduction pathways leading to NF-κB activation. The overexpression of NF-κB and its anti-apoptotic cytoprotective effect suggest that it might be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Several drugs effective for the treatment of MM, including proteasome inhibitors, thalidomide, lenalidomide and arsenic trioxide, block NF-κB activation. New agents with NF-κB inhibitory activity enhance the anti-MM effects of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and reduce different side-effects. Triptolide (diterpenoid triepoxyde), a purified component of a traditional Chinese medicine, extracted from a shrub-like vine named Trypterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) inhibits transcriptional activation of NF-κB and downregulates the expression of various NF-κB-regulated genes. Triptolide (10-80 ng/ml) induces apoptosis of MM cells and effectively inhibits cell growth of MM cells. NF-κB activation can be also inhibited by IKKβ-selective inhibitors, PS-1145dihydrochloride, MLN120B (both Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA) and BMS-345541 (Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ). LC-1, the dimethylamino-parthenolide (DMAPT) derivative demonstrated significant cytotoxicity to AML blasts targeting NF-κB.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- diterpeny chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- epoxidové sloučeniny chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- etodolac chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- fenantreny chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- hematologické nádory farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- NF-kappa B antagonisté a inhibitory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- proteasomový endopeptidasový komplex antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny I-kappa B metabolismus MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
