- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování klasifikace MeSH
- bakteriální infekce diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- břišní tyfus diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- exantém etiologie MeSH
- gastroenteritida diagnóza klasifikace terapie MeSH
- hemoragické horečky virové klasifikace MeSH
- hepatitida A diagnóza přenos terapie MeSH
- infekce virem varicella zoster diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- infekční nemoci * diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace komplikace patofyziologie přenos MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie přenos MeSH
- meningoencefalitida diagnóza etiologie klasifikace mozkomíšní mok přenos MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- parazitární nemoci klasifikace MeSH
- pertuse diagnóza MeSH
- rabies diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- syfilis patofyziologie MeSH
- virové nemoci diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Several new viral infections have emerged in the human population and establishing as global pandemics. With advancements in translation research, the scientific community has developed potential therapeutics to eradicate or control certain viral infections, such as smallpox and polio, responsible for billions of disabilities and deaths in the past. Unfortunately, some viral infections, such as dengue virus (DENV) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), are still prevailing due to a lack of specific therapeutics, while new pathogenic viral strains or variants are emerging because of high genetic recombination or cross-species transmission. Consequently, to combat the emerging viral infections, bioinformatics-based potential strategies have been developed for viral characterization and developing new effective therapeutics for their eradication or management. This review attempts to provide a single platform for the available wide range of bioinformatics-based approaches, including bioinformatics methods for the identification and management of emerging or evolved viral strains, genome analysis concerning the pathogenicity and epidemiological analysis, computational methods for designing the viral therapeutics, and consolidated information in the form of databases against the known pathogenic viruses. This enriched review of the generally applicable viral informatics approaches aims to provide an overview of available resources capable of carrying out the desired task and may be utilized to expand additional strategies to improve the quality of translation viral informatics research.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- virové nemoci * farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- výpočetní biologie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The smallest of all the pathogens, viruses, have continuously been the foremost strange microorganisms. Viral infections can cause extreme sicknesses as evidenced by the HIV/AIDS widespread or the later Ebola or Zika episodes. Apprehensive framework distortions are also regularly observed as consequences of numerous viral infections. Besides, numerous viral infections are of oncoviruses, which can trigger different types of cancer. Nearly every year, a modern infectious species emerges, debilitating the world population with an annihilating episode. Subsequently, there is a need to create antivirals to combat such rising infections. From the discovery of the antiviral drug Idoxuridine in 1962 to the revelation of Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) that was approved by the FDA in 2018, the whole process and criteria of creating antivirals have changed significantly. In this article, different auxiliary science strategies are described that can serve as a referral for therapeutic innovation.
Plants consistently synthesize and accumulate medically valuable secondary metabolites which can be isolated and clinically tested under in vitro conditions. An advancement with such important phytochemical production has been recognized and utilized as herbal drugs. Bioactive andrographolide (AGL; C20H30O5) isolated from Andrographis paniculate (AP) (Kalmegh) is a diterpenoid lactones having multifunctional medicinal properties including anti-manic, anti-inflammatory, liver, and lung protective. AGL is known for its immunostimulant activity against a variety of microbial infections thereby, regulating classical and alternative macrophage activation, Ag-specific antibody production during immune disorder therapy. In vitro studies with AGL found it to be effective against multiple tumors, neuronal disorders, diabetes, pneumonia, fibrosis, and other diverse therapeutic misadventures. Generally, virus-based diseases like ZIKA, influenza A virus subtype (H1NI), Ebola (EBOV), Dengue (DENV), and coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics have greatly increased scientific interest and demands to develop more effective and economical immunomodulating drugs with minimal side effects. Trials and in vitro pharmacological studies with AGL and medicinally beneficial herbs might contribute to benefit the human population without using chemical-based synthetic drugs. In this review, we have discussed the possible role of AGL as a promising herbal-chemo remedy during human diseases, viral infections and as an immunity booster.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- diterpeny chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunitní systém účinky léků MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- virové nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- zdraví MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Herein, we report, for the first time, the screening of several ligands in terms of their ability to bind and stabilize G-quadruplexes (G4) found in seven human Papillomavirus (HPV) genomes. Using a variety of biophysical assays, HPV G-quadruplexes were shown to possess a high degree of structural polymorphism upon ligand binding, which may have an impact on transcription, replication, and viral protein production. A sequence found in high-risk HPV16 genotype folds into multiple non-canonical DNA structures; it was converted into a major G4 conformation upon interaction with a well-characterized highly selective G4 ligand, PhenDC3, which may have an impact on the viral infection. Likewise, HPV57 and 58, which fold into multiple G4 structures, were found to form single stable complexes in the presence of two other G4 ligands, C8 and pyridostatin, respectively. In addition, one of the selected compounds, the acridine derivative C8, demonstrated a significant antiviral effect in HPV18-infected organotypic raft cultures. Altogether, these results indicate that targeting HPV G4s may be an alternative route for the development of novel antiviral therapies.
- MeSH
- aminochinoliny farmakologie MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie MeSH
- DNA vazebné proteiny genetika MeSH
- G-kvadruplexy účinky léků MeSH
- genom virový účinky léků genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- komplement C8 genetika farmakologie MeSH
- konformace nukleové kyseliny účinky léků MeSH
- kyseliny pikolinové farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidský papilomavirus 16 účinky léků genetika patogenita ultrastruktura MeSH
- lidský papilomavirus 18 účinky léků genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- ligandy MeSH
- virové nemoci farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Viral proteases are indispensable for successful virion maturation, thus making them a prominent drug target. Their enzyme activity is tightly spatiotemporally regulated by expression in the precursor form with little or no activity, followed by activation via autoprocessing. These cleavage events are frequently triggered upon transportation to a specific compartment inside the host cell. Typically, precursor oligomerization or the presence of a co-factor is needed for activation. A detailed understanding of these mechanisms will allow ligands with non-canonical mechanisms of action to be designed, which would specifically modulate the initial irreversible steps of viral protease autoactivation. Binding sites exclusive to the precursor, including binding sites beyond the protease domain, can be exploited. Both inhibition and up-regulation of the proteolytic activity of viral proteases can be detrimental for the virus. All these possibilities are discussed using examples of medically relevant viruses including herpesviruses, adenoviruses, retroviruses, picornaviruses, caliciviruses, togaviruses, flaviviruses, and coronaviruses.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie MeSH
- Flavivirus účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Herpesviridae účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- HIV-1 účinky léků MeSH
- inhibitory virových proteáz farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské adenoviry účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- virové nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- virové proteasy biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Multiple outbreaks of epidemic and pandemic viral diseases have occurred in the last 20 years, including those caused by Ebola virus, Zika virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence or re-emergence of such diseases has revealed the deficiency in our pipeline for the discovery and development of antiviral drugs. One promising solution is the extensive library of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by all eukaryotic organisms. AMPs are widely known for their activity against bacteria, but many possess additional antifungal, antiparasitic, insecticidal, anticancer, or antiviral activities. AMPs could therefore be suitable as leads for the development of new peptide-based antiviral drugs. Sixty therapeutic peptides had been approved by the end of 2018, with at least another 150 in preclinical or clinical development. Peptides undergoing clinical trials include analogs, mimetics, and natural AMPs. The advantages of AMPs include novel mechanisms of action that hinder the evolution of resistance, low molecular weight, low toxicity toward human cells but high specificity and efficacy, the latter enhanced by the optimization of AMP sequences. In this opinion article, we summarize the evidence supporting the efficacy of antiviral AMPs and discuss their potential to treat emerging viral diseases including COVID-19.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie MeSH
- COVID-19 farmakoterapie MeSH
- cytotoxické proteiny tvořící póry metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- peptidy metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- virové nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida * farmakoterapie MeSH
- virové nemoci * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodníky MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Isoprinosine,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- inosin pranobex aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- virové nemoci * epidemiologie farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
